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Adhyāya 4 of 8 · 635 sūtras

चतुर्थः अध्यायः Affixes after stems (I)

Affixes after stems · Affixes added after a nominal stem (4.1.1, in force to 5.4.160): the 21 case endings (sup), feminine affixes (ṭāp, ṅīp …), and the start of the taddhitas: derived nouns for "descendant of", "dyed with", "deity of", "born in", "made of" and many more.

Headings: 4.1.1 ङ्याप्प्रातिपदिकात् → 5.4.160; 4.1.3 स्त्रियाम् → 4.1.81; 4.1.76 तद्धिताः → 5.4.160

  1. 4.1 sup, feminine affixes, descendants
  2. 4.2 Taddhitas: dyed, deity, group, place
  3. 4.3 Taddhitas: born in, his, made of
  4. 4.4 ṭhak and yat senses
See adhyāya 4 on the structure map →

Pāda 4.1 sup, feminine affixes, descendants

After 4.1.1 ṅyāp-prātipadikāt: the sup endings (4.1.2); feminine affixes under 4.1.3 striyām (ṭāp 4.1.4, ṅīp 4.1.5 …); 4.1.76 taddhitāḥ opens the taddhitas, 4.1.83 makes aṇ the default, and 4.1.92 starts "his descendant" (apatya). map →

  1. 4.1.1 ङ्याप्प्रातिपदिकात् This is an अधिकार, and all the प्रत्ययाः told in this अधिकार are to be applied to ङ्यन्त, आबन्त and प्रातिपदिक words. adhikāra
  2. 4.1.2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाङ्ङ्योस्सुप् The प्रत्ययाः - सुँ-औ-जस्-अम्-औट्-शस्-टा-भ्याम्-भिस्-ङे-भ्याम्-भ्यस्-ङसिँ-भ्याम्-भ्यस्-ङस्-ओस्-आम्-ङि-ओस्-सुप् get attached to a word that ends in ङीप्/ङीष्/ङीन्/टाप्/डाप्/चाप् pratyay, or is a प्रातिपदिक.
  3. 4.1.3 स्त्रियाम् This is an अधिकार which spans from the current sutra till (and just before) । समर्थानां प्रथमाद् वा' 4.1.82. adhikāra
  4. 4.1.4 अजाद्यतष्टाप् To indicate the feminine property, the अकारान्त words and the words belonging to the अजादिगण get the प्रत्यय टाप्.
  5. 4.1.5 ऋन्नेभ्यो ङीप् To indicate the feminine property, the ऋकारान्त and the नकारान्त words get the ङीप्-प्रत्यय.
  6. 4.1.6 उगितश्च प्रातिपदिकानि which end with इत्संज्ञक उक् letter get the ङीप्-प्रत्यय to indicate the feminine property.
  7. 4.1.7 वनो र च The affix ङीप् is added, in forming the feminine to the stems that end in the syllable वन् , and र् is the substitute of the final such syllable.
  8. 4.1.8 पादोऽन्यतरस्याम् The affix ङीप् is optionally used in the feminine after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending with the word पाद्.
  9. 4.1.9 टाबृचि The affix ङीप् is used in the feminine after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending with the word पाद् when the word denotes a verse of the ऋग्वेद.
  10. 4.1.10 न षट्स्वस्रादिभ्यः The words that get the term 'षट्', and the words स्वसृ, तिसृ, चतसृ, ननान्दृ, दुहितृ, यातृ, मातृ do not get the ङीप्-प्रत्यय to indicate the feminine property.
  11. 4.1.11 मनः The affix ङीप् is not used after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending in the syllable मन्.
  12. 4.1.12 अनो बहुव्रीहेः The affix ङीप् is not used to denote the feminine after a बहुव्रीहि समास ending in अन्.
  13. 4.1.13 डाबुभाभ्यामन्यतरस्याम् The affix डाप् comes optionally after both - 1. प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending in अन् 2. बहुव्रीहि समास .
  14. 4.1.14 अनुपसर्जनात् The following rules apply to a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) which is not a subordinate term in a compound. adhikāra
  15. 4.1.15 टिड्ढाणञ्द्वयसज्दघ्नञ्मात्रच्तयप्ठक्ठञ्कञ्क्वरपः The affix ङीप् is added in the feminine after the प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stems) ending in short अ , if the affix with which it ends has an indicatory ट् or if the affix be ढ or अण् or अञ् or द्वयसच् or दघ्नच् or मात्रच् or तयप् or ठक् or ठञ् or कञ् or क्वरप्.
  16. 4.1.16 यञश्च The affix ङीप् is used in denoting the feminine after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending in यञ् -- गर्गादिभ्यो यञ् (4.1.105).
  17. 4.1.17 प्राचां ष्फ तद्धितः In the opinion of the Eastern Grammarians, the affix ष्फ is used after what ends with the affix यञ् and it is to be regarded as a तद्धित-affix.
  18. 4.1.18 सर्वत्र लोहितादिकतन्तेभ्यः The affix ष्फ is invariably added in the feminine after the words beginning with लोहित and ending with क्त when they take the affix यञ्.
  19. 4.1.19 कौरव्यमाण्डूकाभ्यां च The affix ष्फ is added in the feminine after the words 1. कौरव्य and 2. माण्डूक.
  20. 4.1.20 वयसि प्रथमे The affix ङीप् is used in the feminine after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending in अ and denoting early age.
  21. 4.1.21 द्विगोः The affix ङीप् come in the feminine after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending in अ , which is द्विगु समास (Numeral Determinative Compound).
  22. 4.1.22 अपरिमाणबिस्ताचितकम्बल्येभ्यो न तद्धितलुकि The affix ङीप् is not used when a तद्धित affix is elided after a द्विगु समास (Numeral Determinative Compound) ending in a word not denoting a mass or measure; or in 1. बिस्त 2. आचित or 3. कम्बल्य.
  23. 4.1.23 काण्डान्तात् क्षेत्रे The affix ङीप् is not used after an adjectival द्विगु समास (Numeral Determinative Compound) ending with the word काण्ड where the तद्धित affix is elided when the compound means field.
  24. 4.1.24 पुरुषात् प्रमाणेऽन्यतरस्याम् The affix ङीप् is not optionally used after a द्विगु समास (Numeral Determinative Compound) where the तद्धित affix is elided when the compound ends in the word पुरुष , referring to 'measure'.
  25. 4.1.25 बहुव्रीहेरूधसो ङीष् The affix ङीप् is used in the feminine after a बहुव्रीहि समास ending in the word ऊधस् 'an udder'.
  26. 4.1.26 संख्याव्ययादेर्ङीप् The affix ङीप् comes in the feminine after a बहुव्रीहि समास ending in the word ऊधस् 'an udder', beginning with a Numeral or indeclinable.
  27. 4.1.27 दामहायनान्ताच्च The affix ङीप् comes in the feminine after a बहुव्रीहि समास beginning with a Numeral and ending with the words 1. दामन् 'a rope' and 2. हायन 'a year'.
  28. 4.1.28 अन उपधालोपिनोन्यतरस्याम् The affix ङीप् comes after that बहुव्रीहि समास which ending in the syllable अन् loses its penultimate अ.
  29. 4.1.29 नित्यं संज्ञाछन्दसोः The affix ङीप् necessarily comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) and in forming Names after that बहुव्रीहि समास which ending in the syllable अन् loses its penultimate अ.
  30. 4.1.30 केवलमामकभागधेयपापापरसमानार्यकृत-सुमङ्गलभेषजाच्च The affix ङीप् necessarily comes denoting the feminine after the following प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stems) when used to express a Name or in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  31. 4.1.31 रात्रेश्चाजसौ The affix ङीप् comes after the word रात्रि in the छन्दस् (Vedas) and in denoting a Name except the affix जस् (1st - Nominative Case Plural) is added.
  32. 4.1.32 अन्तर्वत्पतिवतोर्नुक् The augment नुक् is added to the words अन्तर्वत् and पतिवत् when the affix ङीप् is added to form the feminine.
  33. 4.1.33 पत्युर्नो यज्ञसंयोगे The substitute न् replaces the final इ of पति before the feminine affix ङीप् when the word so formed means 'a wife' who takes part in the sacrifices of her husband.
  34. 4.1.34 विभाषा सपूर्वस्य In forming the feminine with the affix ङीप् , न् is optionally the substitute of the final इ of पति when the latter is preceded by another vowel.
  35. 4.1.35 नित्यं सपत्न्यादिषु In forming the feminine with the affix ङीप् the word पति always takes the substitute न् in the words like सपत्नि etc.
  36. 4.1.36 पूतक्रतोरै च In forming the feminine, the letter ऐ is the substitute of the final word पूतक्तु when the affix ङीप् is added.
  37. 4.1.37 वृषाकप्यग्निकुसितकुसिदानामुदात्तः In forming the feminine with the affix ङीप् the letter ऐ having उदात्त accent is the substitute of the finals 1. वृषाकपि 2. अग्नि 3. कुसति and 3. कुसीद .
  38. 4.1.38 मनोरौ वा In forming the feminine with the affix ङीप् , औ is optionally the substitute of the final मनु (as well as the उदात्त ऐ).
  39. 4.1.39 वर्णादनुदात्तात्तोपधात्तो नः The affix ङीप् is optionally used after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) expressive of colour ending with a gravely accented vowel and having the letter त् as its penultimate letter and the letter न् is substituted in the room of त्.
  40. 4.1.40 अन्यतो ङीष् The affix ङीष् is used in the feminine after every other word expressive of colour and ending with an अनुदात्त accent.
  41. 4.1.41 षिद्गौरादिभ्यश्च The affix ङीष् is used in forming the feminine after the words ending with affixes which have an indicatory ष् and after the words गौर etc.
  42. 4.1.42 जानपदकुण्डगोणस्थलभाजनागकालनीलकुशकामुककबराद्वृत्त्यमत्रावपनाकृत्रिमाश्राणास्थौल्यवर्णानाच्छादनायोविकारमैथुनेच्छाकेशवेशेषु The affix ङीष् is used after the 11 words जानपद etc. in the sense of 'profession' etc. 1. जानप् 2. कुण्ड 3. गोण 4. स्थल 5. भाज 6. नाग 7. काल 8. नील 9. कुश् 10. कामुक and 11 कबर ; the affix ङीष् is employed when the sense is that of 1. 'profession or living' 2. 'a bowl' 3. 'a sack or vessel for keeping grain' 4. 'a natural spot of ground' 5. 'a cooked food or rice-gruel' 6. 'stout' 7. 'black-coloured' 8. 'blue-coloured other than cloth' 9. 'a plough-share' 10. 'a libidinous female' 11. 'a fillet or braid of hair', respectively.
  43. 4.1.43 शोणात् प्राचाम् The affix ङीष् is used in the feminine according to the opinion of the Eastern Grammarians after the word शोण.
  44. 4.1.44 वोतो गुणवचनात् The affix ङीष् is optionally used in the feminine after a word ending in short अ and being expressive of quality.
  45. 4.1.45 बह्वादिभ्यश्च And the affix ङीष् is optionally used in the feminine after the words बहु etc.
  46. 4.1.46 नित्यं छन्दसि The affix ङीष् is always used in the छन्दस् (Vedas) in forming the feminine of the words बहु etc.
  47. 4.1.47 भुवश्च The affix ङीष् is always used in the छन्दस् (Vedas) in forming the feminine after the word भु.
  48. 4.1.48 पुंयोगादाख्यायाम् The feminine affix ङीष् comes after a word when it expresses the name of a wife in relation to her husband.
  49. 4.1.49 इन्द्रवरुणभवशर्वरुद्रमृडहिमारण्ययवयवनमातुलाचार्याणामानुक् The augment आनुक् is added to the Proper Nouns 1. इन्द्र 2. वरुण 3. भव 4. शर्व 5. रुद्र and 6. मृड and to the words 1. हिम 'snow' 3. अरण्य 'forest' 4. यव 'barely' 5. यवन 'a Yavana' 6. मातुल 'a maternal uncle' and 7. आचार्य 'a perceptor', before the feminine affix ङीष्.
  50. 4.1.50 क्रीतात् करणपूर्वात् The affix ङीष् is used in the feminine after a compound word ending in क्रीत , the first member of the compound being the name of the means wherewith the thing is bought.
  51. 4.1.51 क्तादल्पाख्यायाम् The affix ङीष् is used after a compound प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) in which a name denoting the means herewith, is the first member and the second member is a word formed by the Particle क्त when the sense is that of 'a small quantity'.
  52. 4.1.52 बहुव्रीहेश्चान्तोदात्तात् The affix ङीष् is used in the feminine after that बहुव्रीहि समास which ending with a word formed by the affix क्त has an acute accent on the last syllable.
  53. 4.1.53 अस्वाङ्गपूर्वपदाद्वा The affix ङीष् is optionally used in the feminine after a बहुव्रीहि समास ending with the word in क्त having acute accent on the final, the antecedent word not being a word denoting a part of the body.
  54. 4.1.54 स्वाङ्गाच्चोपसर्जनादसंयोगोपधात् And the feminine affix ङीष् comes optionally after what ends with the name of a part of the body when the word is a subordinate member in compound and has not a conjunct for its penultimate letter (i.e. the final अ is not preceded by a double consonant).
  55. 4.1.55 नासिकोदरौष्ठजङ्घादन्तकर्णशृङ्गाच्च And the feminine ङीष् comes optionally after compounds ending with 1. नासिका 'a nose' 2. उदर 'belly' 3. ओष्ठ 'lip' 4. जंघा 'leg' 5. दन्त 'tooth' 6. कर्ण 'ear' and 7. शृङ्ग 'horn'.
  56. 4.1.56 न क्रोडादिबह्वचः The feminine affix ङीष् does not come after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) which denoting a part of the body, belongs to the class क्रोडा 'the flank' etc., of a horse', nor when the word is a stem of more than two syllables.
  57. 4.1.57 सहनञ्विद्यमानपूर्वाच्च The affix ङीष् does not come in the feminine after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) denoting a part of the body when the word is subordinate in a compound, preceded by the word 1. सह 'with' 2. नञ् 'not' or 3. विद्यमान 'having'.
  58. 4.1.58 नखमुखात् संज्ञायाम् The feminine affix ङीष् is not used after 1. नख 2. मुख when (the word at the end of which they stand) is a Name.
  59. 4.1.59 दीर्घजिह्वी च च्छन्दसि The form दीर्घजिह्वी 'long-tongued' is irregularly formed in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  60. 4.1.60 दिक्पूर्वपदान्ङीप् The feminine affix ङीप् comes after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) which is preceded by a word signifying direction.
  61. 4.1.61 वाहः The feminine affix ङीष् comes after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending with the word वाह्.
  62. 4.1.62 सख्यशिश्वीति भाषायाम् The forms सखी and अशिश्वी are irregular forms ending in ङीष् found in secular (or vernacular as opposed to Vedic) Sanskrit.
  63. 4.1.63 जातेरस्त्रीविषयादयोपधात् The feminine affix ङीष् comes after a word denoting a जाति or species when it does not express in its original meaning a feminine and which moreover has not the letter य् for its penultimate.
  64. 4.1.64 पाककर्णपर्णपुष्पफलमूलवालोत्तरपदाच्च And the feminine affix ङीष् comes after the प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) expressive of जाति , followed by the following 1. पाक 'cooked' 2. कर्ण 'ear' 3. पुष्प 'flower' 4. फल 'fruit' 5. मूल 'root' 6. बाल 'youth'
  65. 4.1.65 इतो मनुष्यजातेः The feminine affix ङीष् comes after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending in short इ denoting classes or races of men.
  66. 4.1.66 ऊङुतः After a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending in short उ , not having the letter य् as its penultimate letter and being expressive of races of men, the affix in the feminine is ऊङ्.
  67. 4.1.67 बाह्वन्तात् संज्ञायाम् The feminine affix ऊङ् comes in denoting a Name after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending with the word बाहु.
  68. 4.1.68 पङ्गोश्च The feminine affix ऊङ् comes after the word पंगु 'lame'.
  69. 4.1.69 ऊरूत्तरपदादौपम्ये When the feminine affix ऊङ् comes after a stem ending in ऊरु when comparison with something (expressed by the first term) is meant.
  70. 4.1.70 संहितशफलक्षणवामादेश्च The feminine affix ऊङ् comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after the word ऊरु when the words 1. संहित 'accompanied or joined' 2. शफ 'a hoof' 3. लक्षण 'a mark' 4. वाम 'handsome' precede it.
  71. 4.1.71 कद्रुकमण्डल्वोश्छन्दसि The feminine affix ऊङ् comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after the words 1. कद्रु 'tawny' 2. कमण्डलु 'a water pot'.
  72. 4.1.72 संज्ञायाम् The feminine affix ऊङ् comes in denoting a Name after the words 1. कद्रु 'tawny' 2. कमण्डलु 'a water pot'.
  73. 4.1.73 शार्ङ्गरवाद्यञो ङीन् The feminine affix ङीन् comes after the words शार्ङ्गरव etc. and that which ends with the affix अञ्.
  74. 4.1.74 यङश्चाप् The feminine affix चाप् comes after a stem which is formed by the affix ञ्यङ् or ष्यङ्.
  75. 4.1.75 आवट्याच्च And the feminine affix चाप् comes after the word आवट्य.
  76. 4.1.76 तद्धिताः The प्रत्ययाः that are being told from now onwards up to end of the fifth chapter are called तद्धितप्रत्ययाः. saṃjñāadhikāra
  77. 4.1.77 यूनस्तिः To indicate the feminine property, the, word युवन् which is not an gets उपसर्जनसंज्ञक the तद्धितप्रत्यय 'ति'.
  78. 4.1.78 अणिञोरनार्षयोर्गुरूपोत्तमयोः ष्यङ् गोत्रे In Patronymics used in narrower sense (counting first from the grand-child), which are formed the affixes अण् and इञ् , the feminine is formed by substituting य (ष्यङ्) for the अ and इ of those affixes and adding the long आ under -- यङश्चाप् (4.1.74), provided that they do not denote ऋषि clans and have prosodially long syllable preceding the last syllable.
  79. 4.1.79 गोत्रावयवात् After a word denoting a non-principal गोत्र , ष्यङ् is the substitute of अण् and इञ् , the feminine, even though the syllable preceding the final be not prosodially long.
  80. 4.1.80 क्रौड्यादिभ्यश्च The affix ष्यङ् comes in the feminine after the words क्रौडि etc.
  81. 4.1.81 दैवयज्ञिशौचिवृक्षिसात्यमुग्रिकाण्ठेविद्धिभ्योऽन्यतरस्याम् The affix ष्यङ् optionally comes after the words 1. दैवयज्ञि 2. शौचिवृक्षि 3. सात्यमुग्रि and 4. काण्ठेविद्धि .
  82. 4.1.82 समर्थानां प्रथमाद्वा The word indicated by the first समर्थ present in the अर्थज्ञापकसूत्र gets the तद्धितप्रत्ययः optionally. adhikāra
  83. 4.1.83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् The अण् प्रत्यय is used as a default for the प्राग्दीव्यतीय meanings. adhikāra
  84. 4.1.84 अश्वपत्यादिभ्यश्च The words of the अश्वपत्यादि गण get the अण् प्रत्यय in the प्राग्दीव्यतीय meaning.
  85. 4.1.85 दित्यदित्यादित्यपत्युत्तरपदाण्ण्यः The words दिति, अदिति, आदित्य and the words that end in 'पति' get the ण्य प्रत्यय in the प्राग्दीव्यतीय meanings.
  86. 4.1.86 उत्सादिभ्योऽञ् For the words of the उत्सादिगण, the अण्-प्रत्ययः is used in all the प्राग्दीव्यतीय meanings.
  87. 4.1.87 स्त्रीपुंसाभ्यां नञ्स्नञौ भवनात् For the meanings given till the end of the first पाद of the पञ्चमाध्याय, the word स्त्री gets the प्रत्यय नञ्, and the word पुम्स् gets the प्रत्यय स्नञ्.
  88. 4.1.88 द्विगोर्लुगनपत्ये In case of a द्विगु-समास that gets created in context of a तद्धितार्थ, the अजादि तद्धितप्रत्यय involved in this समास is removed.
  89. 4.1.89 गोत्रेऽलुगचि The लुक् elision of गोत्र (Patronymic) affixes in plural, which have been enjoined by sūtras यस्कादिभ्यो गोत्रे (2.4.63) etc. and the rest is prohibited, when the affix has an initial vowel and it has the sense of the various affixes taught antecedent to तेन दीव्यति खनति जयति जितम् (4.4.2).
  90. 4.1.90 यूनि लुक् There is लुक् elision of the युवन् गोत्र (Patronymic) forming affix -- जीवति तु वंश्ये युवा (4.1.163), when a प्राग्दीव्यतीय affix beginning with a vowel is to be added.
  91. 4.1.91 फक्फिञोरन्यतरस्याम् There is optionally लुक् elision of the युवन् affixes फक् and फिञ् when a प्राग्दीव्यतीय affix beginning with a vowel is to be added.
  92. 4.1.92 तस्यापत्यम् To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring', the word in the षष्ठी विभक्ति gets an appropriate प्रत्यय. adhikāra
  93. 4.1.93 एको गोत्रे The one and the same affix is used when a more distant descendant, how low-so-ever, is to be denoted.
  94. 4.1.94 गोत्राद्यून्यस्त्रियाम् When a descendant of the description denoted by युवन् -- जीवति तु वंश्ये युवा (4.1.163), is intended to be expressed, a new affix is attached, only after that what already ends with an affix marking a descendant as low at least as a grandson (गोत्र): but in the feminine the word is not termed युवन् and no new affix is added.
  95. 4.1.95 अत इञ् To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring', an अदन्त word in the षष्ठी विभक्ति gets the 'इञ्' प्रत्यय.
  96. 4.1.96 बाह्वादिभ्यश्च To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring', the words belonging to the बाह्वादिगण get the 'इञ्' प्रत्यय.
  97. 4.1.97 सुधातुरकङ् च To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring', the word सुधातृ gets the इञ् प्रत्यय and also the word gets the अकङ् आदेश.
  98. 4.1.98 गोत्रे कुञ्जादिभ्यश्च्फञ् The affix च्फञ् comes after the words कुञ्च etc. when a remoter descendant (called गोत्र) is to be denoted.
  99. 4.1.99 नडादिभ्यः फक् The affix फक् comes, in denoting a गोत्र descendant after the प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stems) नड etc.
  100. 4.1.100 हरितादिभ्योऽञः The affix फक् comes after the words हरित etc. when they end in the affix अञ् -- अनृष्यानन्तर्ये बिदादिभ्योऽञ् (4.1.104)
  101. 4.1.101 यञिञोश्च The affix फक् is added in denoting a descendent after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending in the affixes यञ् or इञ्.
  102. 4.1.102 शरद्वच्छुनकदर्भाद्भृगुवत्साग्रायणेषु The affix फक् comes in denoting a गोत्र (Patronymic) descendant after the words 1. शरद्वत् 2. शुनक 3. दर्भा when they denote the descendants of भृगु , वत्स and अग्रायण , respectively.
  103. 4.1.103 द्रोणपर्वतजीवन्तादन्यतरस्याम् The affix फक् comes in the sense of a गोत्र (Patronymic) descendant, optionally after the words 1. द्रोण 2. पर्वत and 3. जीवन्त.
  104. 4.1.104 अनृष्यानन्तर्ये बिदादिभ्योऽञ् The affix अञ् comes after the words बिद etc. in denoting a remote (गोत्र) descendant, but after those words of this class which are not the names of ancient sages, the affix अञ् has the force of denoting immediate descendant.
  105. 4.1.105 गर्गादिभ्यो यञ् The affix यञ् comes in the sense of a गोत्र (Patronymic) descendant after the words गर्ग etc.
  106. 4.1.106 मधुबभ्र्वोर्ब्राह्मणकौशिकयोः The affix यञ् comes, in the sense of a गोत्र (Patronymic) descendant after the words 1. मधु and 2. बभ्रु when the words so formed mean ब्राह्मण and कौशिक respectively.
  107. 4.1.107 कपिबोधादाङ्गिरसे The affix यञ् comes in the sense of a गोत्र (Patronymic) descendant after the words 1. कपिand 2. बोध when the special descendants of the family of अङ्गिरस are meant.
  108. 4.1.108 वतण्डाच्च The affix यञ् comes in the sense of a गोत्र (Patronymic) descendant after the word वतण्ड when meaning a descendant of अङ्गिरस.
  109. 4.1.109 लुक् स्त्रियाम् The affix यञ् is लुक् elided in the feminine after the word वतण्डी when meaning a female descendant of अङ्गिरस.
  110. 4.1.110 अश्वादिभ्यः फञ् The affix फञ् comes in the sense of a गोत्र (Patronymic) descendant after the words अश्व etc.
  111. 4.1.111 भर्गात् त्रैगर्ते The affix फञ् comes in the sense of a गोत्र (Patronymic) descendant after the word भर्ग when the meaning is a त्रैगर्ते.
  112. 4.1.112 शिवादिभ्योऽण् To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring', the words belonging to the शिवादिगण get the 'अण्' प्रत्यय.
  113. 4.1.113 अवृद्धाभ्यो नदीमानुषीभ्यस्तन्नामिकाभ्यः To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring', the words that are not वृद्धसंज्ञक and represent name of a river or a human female get the 'अण्' प्रत्यय.
  114. 4.1.114 ऋष्यन्धकवृष्णिकुरुभ्यश्च To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring', the words that are names of a ऋषि, or which belong to the अन्धक / वृष्णि / कुरु family get the 'अण्' प्रत्यय.
  115. 4.1.115 मातुरुत् संख्यासम्भद्रपूर्वायाः To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring', the words that contain either a संख्या , or 'सम्' or 'भद्र' as a पूर्वपद and 'मातृ' as the उत्तरपद get the अण् प्रत्यय. Also, for such words, the उत्तरपद मातृ gets उकारादेश.
  116. 4.1.116 कन्यायाः कनीन च To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring', the word कन्या gets the 'अण्' प्रत्यय and it also gets 'कानीन' as आदेश.
  117. 4.1.117 विकर्णशुङ्गच्छगलाद्वत्सभरद्वाजात्रिषु To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring' - 1) The word विकर्ण when refers to the वत्सकुल, 2) The word शुङ्ग when refers to the भरद्वाजकुल, and 3) The word छगल when refers to the अत्रिकुल get the अण् प्रत्यय.
  118. 4.1.118 पीलाया वा To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring', the word पीला gets the अण्-प्रत्यय optionally.
  119. 4.1.119 ढक् च मण्डूकात् To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring', the word मण्डूक gets the अण् as well as ढक् प्रत्यय optionally.
  120. 4.1.120 स्त्रीभ्यो ढक् To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring', the स्त्रीप्रत्ययान्त words get the 'ढक्' प्रत्यय.
  121. 4.1.121 द्व्यचः The affix ढक् comes in the sense of a descendant after a word ending in a feminine affix and consisting of two vowels.
  122. 4.1.122 इतश्चानिञः The affix ढक् comes in the sense of a descendant after a disyllabic प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending in short इ , but not, however after a word ending in the Patronymic affix इञ्.
  123. 4.1.123 शुभ्रादिभ्यश्च The affix ढक् comes in the sense of a descendant after the stems शुभ्र etc.
  124. 4.1.124 विकर्णकुषीतकात् काश्यपे The affix ढक् comes after the words 1. विकर्ण and 2. कुषीत when they mean the descendants of काश्यप.
  125. 4.1.125 भ्रुवो वुक् च The affix ढक् comes in the sense of a descendant after the word भ्रू and the augment वुक् is added when this affix is to be applied.
  126. 4.1.126 कल्याण्यादीनामिनङ् The affix ढक् comes in the sense of a descendant after the words कल्याणी etc. and the substitute इनङ् takes the place of the final of these words before this affix.
  127. 4.1.127 कुलटाया वा The affix ढक् comes in the sense of a descendant after the word कुल्टा and इनङ् is optionally the substitute of the final before this affix.
  128. 4.1.128 चटकाया ऐरक् The word चटका takes the affix ऐरक् in forming the Patronymic.
  129. 4.1.129 गोधाया ढ्रक् The affix ढ्रक् comes in the sense of a descendant after the word गोधा.
  130. 4.1.130 आरगुदीचाम् The affix आरक् comes in the sense of a descendant after the word गोधा according to the opinion of Northern Grammarians.
  131. 4.1.131 क्षुद्राभ्यो वा The affix ढ्रक् comes optionally in the sense of descendant after the feminine words denoting mean objects.
  132. 4.1.132 पितृष्वसुश्छण् The affix छण् comes in the sense of a descendant after the word पितृष्वसृ.
  133. 4.1.133 ढकि लोपः The final vowel of पितृष्वसृ is elided when the affix ढक् , in the sense of a descendant, is added.
  134. 4.1.134 मातृष्वसुश्च So also after the word मातृष्वसृ the affix छण् is added and the final is elided when ढक् follows in forming Patronymic.
  135. 4.1.135 चतुष्पाद्भ्यो ढञ् The affix ढञ् comes in the sense of a descendant after the bases denoting quadrupeds.
  136. 4.1.136 गृष्ट्यादिभ्यश्च The affix ढञ् comes in the sense of a descendant after the word गृष्टि etc.
  137. 4.1.137 राजश्वशुराद्यत् The affix यत् comes in the sense of the descendant after the words राजन् and श्वसुर.
  138. 4.1.138 क्षत्राद्घः The affix घ comes in the sense of a descendant after the word क्षत्र.
  139. 4.1.139 कुलात् खः The affix ख comes in the sense of a descendant after the प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) कुल and a compound word that ends in कुल.
  140. 4.1.140 अपूर्वपदादन्यतरस्यां यड्ढकञौ The affixes यत् and ढकञ् come optionally after the word कुल when it is not preceded by any other word which gets the designation of पद -- सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् (1.4.14).
  141. 4.1.141 महाकुलादञ्खञौ The affixes अञ् and खञ् come optionally after the word महाकुल.
  142. 4.1.142 दुष्कुलाड्ढक् The affix ढक् comes optionally in the sense of descendant after the word दुष्कुल.
  143. 4.1.143 स्वसुश्छः The affix छ comes in the sense of descendant after the word स्वसृ.
  144. 4.1.144 भ्रातुर्व्यच्च The affix व्यत् also comes in the sense of descendant after the word भ्रातृ.
  145. 4.1.145 व्यन् सपत्ने The affix व्यत् comes after the word भ्रातृ when the sense is that of 'an enemy'.
  146. 4.1.146 रेवत्यादिभ्यष्ठक् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of descendant after the word रेवती etc.
  147. 4.1.147 गोत्रस्त्रियाः कुत्सने ण च And when contempt is to be expressed, the affix ण comes in the sense of descendant after a feminine word denoting a गोत्र-descendant.
  148. 4.1.148 वृद्धाट्ठक् सौवीरेषु बहुलम् When contempt is to be expressed, the affix ठक् is diversely added in the senses of a descendant after a वृद्ध word denoting सौवीर गोत्र-s.
  149. 4.1.149 फेश्छ च When contempt is to be expressed, the affix छ (as well as the affix ठक्) comes in the sense of descendant after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending in the affix फिञ् and denoting a सौवीर गोत्र.
  150. 4.1.150 फाण्टाहृतिमिमताभ्यां णफिञौ The affixes ण and फिञ् comes in the sense of descendant of a person belonging to सुविर country after the word फाण्टाहृति and मिमता.
  151. 4.1.151 कुर्वादिभ्यो ण्यः The affix ण्य comes in the sense of descendant after the words कुरु etc.
  152. 4.1.152 सेनान्तलक्षणकारिभ्यश्च The affix ण्य comes in the sense of descendant after प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending in सेना after the word लक्षण and after words denoting artisans.
  153. 4.1.153 उदीचामिञ् According to the opinion of Northern Grammarians, the affix इञ् comes in the sense of descendant after the words ending in सेना , the word लक्षण and words expressing artisans.
  154. 4.1.154 तिकादिभ्यः फिञ् The affix फिञ् comes in the sense of descendant after the words तिक etc.
  155. 4.1.155 कौसल्यकार्मार्याभ्यां च The affix फिञ् comes in the sense of descendant after the words कौसल्य and कार्मार्या.
  156. 4.1.156 अणो द्व्यचः The affix फिञ् comes in the sense of descendant after a disyllabic word ending in the affix अण्.
  157. 4.1.157 उदीचां वृद्धादगोत्रात् According to the opinion of Northern Grammarians after the words with वृद्धि in the first syllable when it is not a गोत्र -name, the affix फिञ् is used in the sense of a descendant.
  158. 4.1.158 वाकिनादीनां कुक् च The augment क् (कुक्) is added to the words वाकिन etc. when the Patronymic affix फिन् follows.
  159. 4.1.159 पुत्रान्तादन्यतरस्याम् The augment कुक् optionally comes after a stem ending with the word पुत्र when the Patronymic affix फिन् follows.
  160. 4.1.160 प्राचामवृद्धात् फिन् बहुलम् According to the opinion of Eastern Grammarians after a stem not having वृद्धि vowel in the first syllable, the affix फिन् is diversely used in the sense of a descendant.
  161. 4.1.161 मनोर्जातावञ्यतौ षुक् च The affixes अञ् and यत् come after the word मनु and the augment षुक् is added when these affixes follow provided that the whole word so formed denotes a जाति (class name).
  162. 4.1.162 अपत्यं पौत्रप्रभृति गोत्रम् A descendant being a grandson or a still lower offspring is called गोत्र. saṃjñā
  163. 4.1.163 जीवति तु वंश्ये युवा But when one in a line of descent beginning with a father (and reckoning upwards) is alive, the descendant of a grandson or still lower descendant is called युवन् only. saṃjñā
  164. 4.1.164 भ्रातरि च ज्यायसि When an elder brother is alive, the younger brother gets the title of युवन् , being the descendant of a grandson etc. saṃjñā
  165. 4.1.165 वान्यस्मिन् सपिण्डे स्थविरतरे जीवति The living descendant of a grandson etc. is called optionally a युवन् when a more superior सपिण्ड other than a brother is alive. saṃjñā
  166. 4.1.166 वृद्धस्य च पूजायाम् The गोत्र is sometimes optionally regarded as युवन् when respectful reference to him is intended. saṃjñā
  167. 4.1.167 यूनश्च कुत्सायाम् The युवन् is optionally spoken of as गोत्र when contemptuous reference to him is intended. saṃjñā
  168. 4.1.168 जनपदशब्दात् क्षत्रियादञ् The affix अञ् comes in the sense of descendant after a word which while denoting a country, expresses also a tribe of क्षत्रिय-s.
  169. 4.1.169 साल्वेयगान्धारिभ्यां च The affix अञ् comes in the sense of descendant after the words 1. साल्वेय and 2. गान्धारि .
  170. 4.1.170 द्व्यञ्मगधकलिङ्गसूरमसादण् The affix अण् comes in the sense of descendant after disyllabic words and the words 1. मगध 2. कलिङ्ग and 3. सूरमस when they are the names of countries as well as क्षत्रिय-s.
  171. 4.1.171 वृद्धेत्कोसलाजादाञ्ञ्यङ् The affix ञ्यङ् comes in the sense of descendant after a word having वृद्धि in the first syllable and after a word ending in short इ and after the words 1. कोसल and 2. अजाद when they are the names of countries and क्षत्रिय-s.
  172. 4.1.172 कुरुनादिभ्यो ण्यः The affix ण्य comes after the word कुरु and a word beginning with न when these words denote a country being the name of a क्षत्रिय tribe also.
  173. 4.1.173 साल्वावयवप्रत्यग्रथकलकूटाश्मकादिञ् The affix इञ् comes in the sense of descendant after a word which denotes any sub-division of the country साल्व and after the words 1. प्रत्यग्रथ 2. कलकूट and 3. अश्मक, when these are names of countries and of tribes.
  174. 4.1.174 ते तद्राजाः These (viz. the affixes अञ् -- जनपदशब्दात् क्षत्रियादञ् (4.1.168) etc.) are called तद्राजा 'the king thereof' affixes. saṃjñā
  175. 4.1.175 कम्बोजाल्लुक् After the word कम्बोज there is elision by लुक् of the तद्राजा affix.
  176. 4.1.176 स्त्रियामवन्तिकुन्तिकुरुभ्यश्च In denoting a feminine name, the तद्राजा is elided after the words 1. अवन्ति 2. कुन्ति and 3. कुरु .
  177. 4.1.177 अतश्च In forming the feminine of a word which ends in the masculine in the तद्राजा affix अ , the affix is लुक् elided.
  178. 4.1.178 न प्राच्यभर्गादियौधेयादिभ्यः The तद्राजा affix is not elided in the feminine, if it forms the names of the क्षत्रिय-sūtras of the East or it comes after the word भर्ग etc. and यौधेय etc.

Pāda 4.2 Taddhitas: dyed, deity, group, place

Taddhitas meaning "dyed with" (4.2.1), "whose deity is" (4.2.24), "a group of" (4.2.37), place names (4.2.67), and from 4.2.92 śeṣe the "remaining" senses such as "belonging to / coming from". map →

  1. 4.2.1 तेन रक्तं रागात् To express the meaning of 'colored by', an appropriate प्रत्यय gets added to the तृतीयासमर्थ word representing the name of the color.
  2. 4.2.2 लाक्षारोचनाशकलकर्दमाट्ठक् For the word लाक्षा, रोचना, शकल and कर्दम, ठक्-प्रत्ययः is used to indicate the meaning of 'colored by'.
  3. 4.2.3 नक्षत्रेण युक्तः कालः To indicate the meaning of 'time occupied by a certain नक्षत्र', an appropriateतद्धित प्रत्यय can be attached to the word in तृतीया विभक्ति that indicates name of the नक्षत्र.
  4. 4.2.4 लुबविशेषे To indicate the meaning of 'time occupied by a certain नक्षत्र', an appropriate तद्धित प्रत्यय which gets attached to the word in तृतीया विभक्ति undergoes a लुप् if the time being indicated does not have a particular name.
  5. 4.2.5 संज्ञायां श्रवणाश्वत्थाभ्याम् The affix above ordained is elided by लुप् after the words 1. श्रवण and 2. अश्वथ when the whole word so formed is an appellation and there is specification of time.
  6. 4.2.6 द्वन्द्वाच्छः To indicate the meaning of 'time occupied by a certain नक्षत्र', छ प्रत्यय can be attached to the word in तृतीया विभक्ति that indicates name of a नक्षत्रद्वन्द्व.
  7. 4.2.7 दृष्टं साम To indicate the name of a साम using its visionary, an appropriate तद्धितप्रत्यय gets attached to the तृतीयासमर्थ name of the visionary.
  8. 4.2.8 कलेर्ढक् The word कलि gets the तद्धितप्रत्यय 'ढक्' in the meaning of 'दृष्टं साम'.
  9. 4.2.9 वामदेवाड्ड्यड्ड्यौ The word वामदेव gets the प्रत्ययs ड्यत् and ड्य in the meaning of 'तेन दृष्टं साम'.
  10. 4.2.10 परिवृतो रथः To represent a रथ using a material used to cover it completely, an appropriate तद्धितप्रत्यय can be attached to the तृतीयासमर्थ indicating the covering entity.
  11. 4.2.11 पाण्डुकम्बलादिनिः The word पाण्डुकम्बल gets the प्रत्यय 'इनि' in the meaning of 'परिवृतो रथः'.
  12. 4.2.12 द्वैपवैयाघ्रादञ् The words द्वैप and वैयाघ्र get the प्रत्यय अञ् in the meaning of 'परिवृतो रथः'
  13. 4.2.13 कौमारापूर्ववचने The word कौमार is irregularly formed by adding the affix अण् when meaning 'virginity'.
  14. 4.2.14 तत्रोद्धृतममत्रेभ्यः When a food item is taken out in certain vessel, the food item can be represented by attaching an appropriate तद्धितप्रत्यय to the name of the vessel occurring in the सप्तमी विभक्ति.
  15. 4.2.15 स्थण्डिलाच्छयितरि व्रते The affix अञ् already ordained -- प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् (4.1.83), comes after the word स्थण्डिल being in the Locative -7th case in construction in the sense of 'a sleeper thereon' and the whole word so formed denotes 'a person performing a vow'.
  16. 4.2.16 संस्कृतं भक्षाः To indicate a food item using the vessel or the medium used for its processing / culturing / preparation, an appropriate तद्धितप्रत्यय can be used with the word in the सप्तमी विभक्ति indicating the name of the vessel or the medium.
  17. 4.2.17 शूलोखाद्यत् The words शूल and उखा get the प्रत्यय यत् in the meaning of संस्कृतं भक्षाः.
  18. 4.2.18 दध्नष्ठक् The word दधि gets the प्रत्यय ठक् in the meaning of संस्कृतं भक्षाः.
  19. 4.2.19 उदश्वितोऽन्यतरस्याम् The word उदश्वित् gets the प्रत्यय ठक् optionally the meaning of संस्कृतं भक्षाः.
  20. 4.2.20 क्षीराड्ढञ् The word क्षीर gets the प्रत्यय ढञ् in the meaning of 'संस्कृतं भक्षाः'
  21. 4.2.21 सास्मिन् पौर्णमासीति संज्ञायाम् To indicate the name of a month, fortnight or a year based on the name of the full-moon-day falling in it, the प्रथमासमर्थ name of the full moon day gets the appropriate तद्धितप्रत्यय.
  22. 4.2.22 आग्रहायण्यश्वत्थाट्ठक् The words आग्रहायण and अश्वत्थ get the प्रत्यय ठक् in the meaning of 'सा अस्मिन् पौर्णमासी इति संज्ञायाम्'.
  23. 4.2.23 विभाषा फाल्गुनीश्रवणाकार्त्तिकीचैत्रीभ्यः The words फाल्गुनी, श्रवणा, कार्त्तिकी and चैत्री optionally get the प्रत्यय ठक् in the meaning of 'सा अस्मिन् पौर्णमासी इति संज्ञायाम्'.
  24. 4.2.24 सास्य देवता To indicate an entity by referring to its god, an appropriate तद्धित प्रत्यय can be attached to the प्रथमासमर्थ word representing the name of the god.
  25. 4.2.25 कस्येत् In the meaning of 'सा अस्य देवता', the word 'क' gets the 'इत्' आदेश.
  26. 4.2.26 शुक्राद्घन् The word शुक्र gets the घन् प्रत्यय in the meaning of 'सा अस्य देवता'.
  27. 4.2.27 अपोनप्त्रपान्नप्तृभ्यां घः The words 'अपोनप्तात्' and 'अपान्नप्तात्' get the घ प्रत्यय in the meaning of सा अस्य देवता, and they also get converted to 'अपोनप्तृ' and 'अपान्नप्तृ' respectively.
  28. 4.2.28 छ च The words 'अपोनप्तात्' and 'अपान्नप्तात्' get the छ-प्रत्यय in the meaning of सा अस्य देवता, and they also get converted to 'अपोनप्तृ' and 'अपान्नप्तृ' respectively.
  29. 4.2.29 महेन्द्राद्घाणौ च The word 'महेन्द्र' gets the प्रत्ययाः घ, छ, and अण् in the meaning of 'सा अस्य देवता'.
  30. 4.2.30 सोमाट्ट्यण् The word सोम gets the प्रत्यय 'ट्यण्' in the meaning of 'सा अस्य देवता'.
  31. 4.2.31 वाय्वृतुपित्रुषसो यत् The words 'वायु', 'ऋतु', 'पितृ' and 'उषस्' get the प्रत्यय यत् in the meaning of 'सा अस्य देवता'.
  32. 4.2.32 द्यावापृथिवीशुनासीरमरुत्वदग्नीषोमवास्तोष्पतिगृहमेधाच्छ च The words द्यावापृथिवी, शुनासीर, मरुत्वत्, अग्नीषोम, वास्तोष्पति and गृहमेध get the यत् and the छ प्रत्यय in the meaning of 'सा अस्य देवता'.
  33. 4.2.33 अग्नेर्ढक् The word अग्नि gets the प्रत्यय ढक् in the meaning of 'सा अस्य देवता'.
  34. 4.2.34 कालेभ्यो भववत् For the कालवाची words, the same प्रत्यय that is provided for the meaning 'तत्र भवः' comes for the meaning 'सा अस्य देवता' as well. atideśa
  35. 4.2.35 महाराजप्रोष्ठपदाट्ठञ् The words 'महाराज' and 'प्रोष्ठपद' get the प्रत्यय ठञ् in the meaning of 'सा अस्य देवता'.
  36. 4.2.36 पितृव्यमातुलमातामहपितामहाः The words पितृव्य, मातुल, मातामह and पितामह are given 'readymade' (that is, without any प्रक्रिया).
  37. 4.2.37 तस्य समूहः To indicate the meaning of 'collection / group', a षष्ठीसमर्थ word gets an appropriate तद्धितप्रत्यय.
  38. 4.2.38 भिक्षादिभ्योऽण् The affix अण् comes the sense is 'a collection thereof' after the words भिक्षा etc.
  39. 4.2.39 गोत्रोक्षोष्ट्रोरभ्रराजराजन्यराजपुत्रवत्समनुष्याजाद्वुञ् For the words that indicate a गोत्र, and for the words in this list - उक्षन्, उष्ट्र, उरभ्र, राजन्, राजन्य, राजपुत्र, वत्स, मनुष्य, अज - The वुञ् प्रत्यय is added to indicate the meaning of तस्य समूहः.
  40. 4.2.40 केदाराद्यञ् च The affixes यञ् and वुञ् come after the word केदार in the sense of 'collection thereof'.
  41. 4.2.41 ठञ् कवचिनश्च The words केदार and कवचिन् get the ठञ् प्रत्यय in the meaning of 'तस्य समूहः'.
  42. 4.2.42 ब्राह्मणमाणववाडवाद्यन् The words ब्राह्मण, माणव, वाडव get the 'यन्' प्रत्यय in the meaning of 'तस्य समूहः'.
  43. 4.2.43 ग्रामजनबन्धुसहायेभ्यः तल् The words ग्राम, जन, बन्धु, सहाय get the प्रत्यय तल् to express the meaning of 'तस्य समूहः'
  44. 4.2.44 अनुदात्तादेरञ् For the words whose first vowel is अनुदात्त, the अञ् प्रत्यय is added in the meaning of 'तस्य समूहः'.
  45. 4.2.45 खण्डिकादिभ्यश्च The words of the खण्डिकादिगण get अञ् प्रत्यय to indicate the meaning of 'तस्य समूहः'
  46. 4.2.46 चरणेभ्यो धर्मवत् For the words that represent the names of stanzas of a poem, the प्रत्ययाः that are applicable in the meaning given by the वार्त्तिक 'चरणात् धर्माम्नानयोः इष्यते' should also be used in the meaning of 'तस्य समूहः' as well. atideśa
  47. 4.2.47 अचित्तहस्तिधेनोष्ठक् For the words that represent non-living entities, and also for the words हस्तिन् and धेनु, the प्रत्यय ठक् is used to indicate the meaning of 'तस्य समूहः'.
  48. 4.2.48 केशाश्वाभ्यां यञ्छावन्यतरस्याम् The word केश optionally gets the प्रत्यय यञ् to indicate the meaning of 'तस्य समूहः'. The word अश्व optionally gets the प्रत्यय छ to indicate the meaning of 'तस्य समूहः'
  49. 4.2.49 पाशादिभ्यो यः The words of पाशादिगण get the प्रत्यय 'य' in the meaning of 'तस्य समूहः'
  50. 4.2.50 खलगोरथात् The words खल, गो and रथ get the प्रत्यय 'य' to indicate the meaning of 'तस्य समूहः'.
  51. 4.2.51 इनित्रकट्यचश्च The words खल, गो and रथ respectively get the प्रत्ययाः - इनि, त्र, कट्यच् to indicate the meaning of 'तस्य समूहः'.
  52. 4.2.52 विषयो देशे When the word विषय is used to indicate the meaning of देश (ग्रामसमुदाय), then the षष्ठीसमर्थ with which the word विषय is associated gets an appropriate तद्धितप्रत्यय.
  53. 4.2.53 राजन्यादिभ्यो वुञ् The words of the राजन्यादिगण get the प्रत्यय 'वुञ्' in the meaning of 'विषयः देशे'.
  54. 4.2.54 भौरिक्याद्यैषुकार्यादिभ्यो विधल्भक्तलौ The words of the भौरिक्यादिगण get the प्रत्यय 'विधल्' to indicate the meaning of 'विषयः देशे'. The words of the ऐषुकार्यादिगण get the प्रत्यय 'भक्तल्' to indicate the meaning of 'विषयः देशे'.
  55. 4.2.55 सोऽस्यादिरिति च्छन्दसः प्रगाथेषु To indicate a प्रगाथ using the छन्द of the first stanza of that प्रगाथ, an appropriate तद्धितप्रत्यय can be attached to the प्रथमासमर्थ representing the name of the छन्द.
  56. 4.2.56 संग्रामे प्रयोजनयोद्धृभ्यः To indicate a battle using the purpose or the participants of that battle, an appropriate तद्धितप्रत्यय can be attached to the word in the प्रथमा विभक्ति which represents the purpose or the participants of the battle.
  57. 4.2.57 तदस्यां प्रहरणमिति क्रीडायाम् णः To indicate a sport using an entity used for hitting in that sport, an appropriate तद्धितप्रत्यय gets attached to the प्रथमासमर्थ word indicating the name of the entity used for hitting.
  58. 4.2.58 घञः साऽस्यां क्रियेति ञः The affix ञ added to a noun of action ending in the affix घञ् denotes an action occurring in that.
  59. 4.2.59 तदधीते तद्वेद The affix अण् -- प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् (4.1.83) comes after a word denoting 'some subject of study' in the sense of 'who has studied that or who understands that'.
  60. 4.2.60 क्रतूक्थादिसूत्रान्ताट्ठक् The affix ठञ् comes in the sense of 'one who studies or one who understands' after the name of a sacrifice after उक्थ etc. and after a stem ending with the word सूत्र.
  61. 4.2.61 क्रमादिभ्यो वुन् The affix वुन् comes in the sense of 'who studies or who knows' after the words क्रम etc.
  62. 4.2.62 अनुब्राह्मणादिनिः The affix इनि comes in the sense of 'who studies or who knows' after the word अनुब्राह्मण.
  63. 4.2.63 वसन्तादिभ्यष्ठक् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'who studies or who knows' after the words वसन्त etc.
  64. 4.2.64 प्रोक्ताल्लुक् After the title of a work which is named after the Announcer thereof the affixes denoting 'who studies or who knows that' are elided by लुक् .
  65. 4.2.65 सूत्राच्च कोपधात् The affix denoting denoting 'who studies or who knows that' is elided by लुक् after the title of a sūtra work having क् as penultimate.
  66. 4.2.66 छन्दोब्राह्मणानि च तद्विषयाणि The affixes denoting the Announcer when added to छन्दस् (Vedas) and the ब्राह्मण-sūtras express this relation only.
  67. 4.2.67 तदस्मिन्नस्तीति देशे तन्नाम्नि To indicate the name of a country by referring to the entities present in that country, an appropriate तद्धित प्रत्यय gets attached to the word in प्रथमाविभक्ति representing the name of that entity.
  68. 4.2.68 तेन निर्वृत्तम् To indicate the name of a country by referring to its creator, an appropriate तद्धित प्रत्यय gets attached to the word in तृतीयाविभक्ति representing the name of the creator.
  69. 4.2.69 तस्य निवासः To indicate the name of a country by referring to its residents, an appropriate तद्धित प्रत्यय gets attached to the word in षष्ठीविभक्ति representing the name of the residents.
  70. 4.2.70 अदूरभवश्च To indicate the name of a country by referring to the another country that is near it, an appropriate तद्धित प्रत्यय gets attached to the word in षष्ठीविभक्ति representing the name of the country that is nearby.
  71. 4.2.71 ओरञ् The उवर्णान्त प्रातिपदिकs get the प्रत्यय अञ् in the context of चतुरर्थाः.
  72. 4.2.72 मतोश्च बह्वजङ्गात् For the word that ends in a मतुप्-प्रत्यय and has three or more स्वराः in the अङ्ग to which the मतुप्-प्रत्यय is attached, the अञ् प्रत्यय is used in the context of चतुरर्थाः.
  73. 4.2.73 बह्वचः कूपेषु In the context of चतुरर्थाः, to indicate the name of a well by referring to a word that has three or more स्वराः , अञ् प्रत्यय is used.
  74. 4.2.74 उदक् च विपाशः In the context of चतुरर्थाः, to indicate the name of a well by referring to a word having one or two स्वराः, अञ् प्रत्यय is used if the well exists in the northern region of the river विपाश् .
  75. 4.2.75 संकलादिभ्यश्च In the context of चतुरर्थाः, the words belonging to the सङ्कलादिगण get the अञ् प्रत्यय.
  76. 4.2.76 स्त्रीषु सौवीरसाल्वप्राक्षु In the context of चतुरर्थाः, To indicate the feminine name of a country in the सौवीर region, शाल्व region or eastern region, the अञ् प्रत्यय is used.
  77. 4.2.77 सुवास्त्वादिभ्योऽण् In the context of चतुरर्थाः, the words of the सुवास्तुगण get the अण् प्रत्यय.
  78. 4.2.78 रोणी In the context of चतुरर्थाः, the words ending in 'रोणी' get the 'अण्' प्रत्यय.
  79. 4.2.79 कोपधाच्च The affix अण् comes in the 4-fold sense after a stem having क् for its penultimate.
  80. 4.2.80 वुञ्छण्कठजिलसेनिरढञ्ण्ययफक्फिञिञ्ञ्यकक्ठकोऽरीहणकृशाश्वर्श्यकुमुदकाशतृणप्रेक्षाऽश्मसखिसंकाशबलपक्षकर्णसुतंगमप्रगदिन्वराहकुमुदादिभ्यः In the above 4-senses are added the following 17-affixes after the following 17 classes of words respectively - ……………………………………………….
  81. 4.2.81 जनपदे लुप् The name of a kingdom is formed by the लुप् elision of these affixes (when the name of the people without the change of number and gender, is at the same time the name of the kingdom).
  82. 4.2.82 वरणादिभ्यश्च Also after the word वरण etc. the affix denoting locality becomes elided but the number and gender are not changed.
  83. 4.2.83 शर्कराया वा Optionally after the word शर्करा the 4-fold significant affix is elided by लुप् .
  84. 4.2.84 ठक्छौ च The affixes ठक् and छ come after the word शर्करा in the 4-fold sense.
  85. 4.2.85 नद्यां मतुप् The affix मतुप् is added denoting a river.
  86. 4.2.86 मध्वादिभ्यश्च The affix मतुप् is added to the words मधु etc. in the four senses given above.
  87. 4.2.87 कुमुदनडवेतसेभ्यो ड्मतुप् The affix ड्मतुप् comes after the words 1. कुमुद 2. नड and 3. वेतस in the above four senses and the final of these words is elided before this affix.
  88. 4.2.88 नडशादाड्ड्वलच् The affix ड्वलच् comes after 1. नड and 2. शाद in the four senses given above, the final of the words being elided.
  89. 4.2.89 शिखाया वलच् The affix वलच् comes after the word शिखा in the above four senses.
  90. 4.2.90 उत्करादिभ्यश्छः The affix छ comes after the words उत्कर etc. in the four senses.
  91. 4.2.91 नडादीनां कुक् च The augment कुक् comes after the words नड etc. when the affix छ follows in the above four senses.
  92. 4.2.92 शेषे The affixes taught hereafter have senses other than those mentioned above.
  93. 4.2.93 राष्ट्रावारपाराद्घखौ The affixes घ and ख are respectively added after the words 1. राष्ट् and 2. अवारपार.
  94. 4.2.94 ग्रामाद्यखञौ The affixes व and खञ् (ईन) come after the word ग्राम.
  95. 4.2.95 कत्र्यादिभ्यो ढकञ् The affix ढकञ् (एयक) comes after the words कत्रि etc.
  96. 4.2.96 कुलकुक्षिग्रीवाभ्यः श्वास्यलंकारेषु The affix ढकञ् is added to the words 1. कुल 2. कुक्षि and 3. ग्रीवा when the whole words so formed mean respectively 'a dog', 'a sword' and 'an ornament'.
  97. 4.2.97 नद्यादिभ्यो ढक् The affix ढक् comes after the words नदी etc. in the remaining senses i.e. तत्र जातः (4.3.25) etc.
  98. 4.2.98 दक्षिणापश्चात्पुरसस्त्यक् The words 1. दक्षिणा 2. पश्चात् and 3. पुरस् the affix त्यक् (त्य) is added in the remaining senses.
  99. 4.2.99 कापिश्याः ष्फक् After the word कापिशी , the affix ष्फक् is added in the remaining senses (the feminine being formed by ङीष् -- षिद्गौरादिभ्यश्च (4.1.41)).
  100. 4.2.100 रंकोरमनुष्येऽण् च After the word रंकु the affixes ष्फक् and अण् are added in the remaining senses when the meaning is a non-human being.
  101. 4.2.101 द्युप्रागपागुदक्प्रतीचो यत् After the words 1. दिव् 2. प्राच् 3. अपाच् 4. उदच् and 5. प्रत्यच् , the affix यत् is added in the remaining senses.
  102. 4.2.102 कन्थायाष्ठक् After the word कन्था the affix is ठक् is added in the remaining senses.
  103. 4.2.103 वर्णौ वुक् To the same stem is added the affix वुक् when it treats about something which is to be found in the land of वर्णु (name of a river and also the country near it).
  104. 4.2.104 अव्ययात्त्यप् The affix त्यप् comes after an indeclinable in the remaining senses.
  105. 4.2.105 ऐषमोह्यःश्वसोऽन्यतरस्याम् The affix त्यप् is added optionally after the words 1. ऐषमस् 2. ह्यस् and 3. श्वस् , in the remaining senses.
  106. 4.2.106 तीररूप्योत्तरपदादञ्ञौ The affix अञ् comes after a word ending with तीर and the ञ् comes after a word ending with कप्य , in the remaining senses.
  107. 4.2.107 दिक्पूर्वपदादसंज्ञायां ञः The affix ञ comes in the remaining senses after a word preceded by another that signifies 'direction' provided the compound is not a name.
  108. 4.2.108 मद्रेभ्योऽञ् The affix अञ् is added to the word मद्र , preceded by a word denoting 'direction', in the remaining senses.
  109. 4.2.109 उदीच्यग्रामाच्च बह्वचोऽन्तोदात्तात् The affix अञ् comes in the remaining senses after a word consisting of more than two syllables having उदात्त accent on the final, being the name of a village of the people of the North.
  110. 4.2.110 प्रस्थोत्तरपदपलद्यादिकोपधादण् The affix अण् comes in the remaining senses after a word ending with प्रस्थ after the words पलदी etc. and after a word having a penultimate क , whether these words express villages of North folk or not.
  111. 4.2.111 कण्वादिभ्यो गोत्रे The affix अण् comes after the Patronymics formed from कण्व etc.
  112. 4.2.112 इञश्च After a family-name formed by इञ् the affix अण् is added in the remaining senses.
  113. 4.2.113 न द्व्यचः प्राच्यभरतेषु The affix अण् is however not added to a word which though ending in the Patronymic affix इञ् consists of two syllables when it is the family name of Eastern People or of भरत.
  114. 4.2.114 वृद्धाच्छः After the word वृद्ध , the affix छ is added in the remaining senses.
  115. 4.2.115 भवतष्ठक्छसौ The affixes ठक् and छस् come after वृद्ध word भवत् , in the remaining senses.
  116. 4.2.116 काश्यादिभ्यष्ठञ्ञिठौ The affixes ठञ् and ञिठ् come in the remaining senses after the words काशि etc.
  117. 4.2.117 वाहीकग्रामेभ्यश्च The affixes ठञ् and ञिठ् come in the remaining senses after the वृद्ध words denoting the villages of वाहीक.
  118. 4.2.118 विभाषोशीनरेषु The affixes ठञ् and ञिठ् come optionally in the remaining senses after the वृद्ध words denoting वाहीक villages situated in उशीनर.
  119. 4.2.119 ओर्देशे ठञ् The affixes ठञ् comes in the remaining senses after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) denoting a locality and ending in उ.
  120. 4.2.120 वृद्धात् प्राचाम् The affixes ठञ् comes in the remaining senses after a वृद्ध word ending in उ and denoting a locality of East-folks.
  121. 4.2.121 धन्वयोपधाद्वुञ् The affix वुञ् comes in the remaining senses after a वृद्ध word denoting a locality which has the letter य as its penultimate and after a वृद्ध place name denoting a waste or desert place.
  122. 4.2.122 प्रस्थपुरवहान्ताच्च The affix वुञ् comes in the remaining senses after a वृद्ध word denoting a locality and ending with 1. प्रस्थ 2. पुर or वह.
  123. 4.2.123 रोपधेतोः प्राचाम् The affix वुञ् comes in the remaining senses after a वृद्ध word denoting a locality of the East-folk, the word having penultimate र or ending in ई.
  124. 4.2.124 जनपदतदवध्योश्च The affix वुञ् comes in the remaining senses after a वृद्ध word denoting an inhabited kingdom or a limit of such kingdom
  125. 4.2.125 अवृद्धादपि बहुवचनविषयात् The affix वुञ् comes in the remaining senses, even after a word which is not a वृद्ध which is always plural, when it denotes an inhabited country or a limit of such country, as well as after such वृद्ध words.
  126. 4.2.126 कच्छाग्निवक्त्रवर्त्तोत्तरपदात् The affix वुञ् comes in the remaining senses after a word whether a वृद्ध or not, denoting a locality and having its second term the words 1. कच्छ 2. अग्नि 3. वक्त्र and 4. गर्त.
  127. 4.2.127 धूमादिभ्यश्च The affix वुञ् comes in the remaining senses after the words धूम etc. denoting country.
  128. 4.2.128 नगरात् कुत्सनप्रावीण्ययोः The affix वुञ् comes after the word नगर in the remaining senses, when censure or praise is implied.
  129. 4.2.129 अरण्यान्मनुष्ये The affix वुञ् comes in the remaining senses after the word अरण्य , in the sense of 'a man'.
  130. 4.2.130 विभाषा कुरुयुगन्धराभ्याम् The affix वुञ् comes optionally in the remaining senses after the words 1. कुरु and 2. युगन्धर.
  131. 4.2.131 मद्रवृज्योः कन् The affix कन् comes in the remaining senses after the words 1. मद्र and 2. वृजि.
  132. 4.2.132 कोपधादण् The affix अण् comes in the remaining senses after a word denoting a place and having the letter क as its penultimate.
  133. 4.2.133 कच्छादिभ्यश्च The affix अण् comes in the remaining senses after the words कच्छ etc. denoting places.
  134. 4.2.134 मनुष्यतत्स्थयोर्वुञ् The affix वुञ् comes after the words कच्छ etc. in the senses of born etc. when the meaning is 'a man' or 'what exists in a man'.
  135. 4.2.135 अपदातौ साल्वात् The affix वुञ् comes after the word साल्व in the senses of being born etc. when denoting 'a man 'or 'what exists in a man', provided that it does not mean a foot-soldier.
  136. 4.2.136 गोयवाग्वोश्च The affix वुञ् comes in the remaining senses of being born etc. after the words साल्व etc. when the word signifies 'a cow' or 'a barley gruel'.
  137. 4.2.137 गर्तोत्तरपदाच्छः The affix छ comes in the remaining senses after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) denoting a place and having the word गर्त as its second term.
  138. 4.2.138 गहादिभ्यश्च The affix छ comes in the remaining senses after the words गह etc.
  139. 4.2.139 प्राचां कटादेः The affix छ comes in the remaining senses after the words beginning with कद denoting the places of the East-folk.
  140. 4.2.140 राज्ञः क च The letter क is the substitute of the final of the word राजन् , when छ is added.
  141. 4.2.141 वृद्धादकेकान्तखोपधात् The affix छ comes in the remaining senses after a वृद्ध word denoting a place and ending with अक् or इक् or having ख as its penultimate.
  142. 4.2.142 कन्थापलदनगरग्रामहृदोत्तरपदात् The affix छ comes in the remaining senses after a वृद्ध words, having the words 1. कन्था 2. पलद 3. नगर 4. ग्राम and 5. हृद , as second terms.
  143. 4.2.143 पर्वताच्च The affix छ comes after the word पर्वत in the remaining senses.
  144. 4.2.144 विभाषाऽमनुष्ये The affix छ optionally comes in the remaining senses after the word पर्वत when it does not denote 'a man'.
  145. 4.2.145 कृकणपर्णाद्भारद्वाजे The affix छ comes in the remaining senses after कृकण and पर्ण when denoting the country भारद्वाच.

Pāda 4.3 Taddhitas: born in, his, made of

Continuing the śeṣa senses: "born there" (4.3.25), "this is his" (4.3.120), "a product of" (4.3.134), with many stem-specific affixes. map →

  1. 4.3.1 युष्मदस्मदोरन्यतरस्यां खञ् च The affix खञ् also comes optionally in the remaining senses after the words 1. युष्मद् and 2. अस्मद्.
  2. 4.3.2 तस्मिन्नणि च युष्माकास्माकौ When the affix खञ् is added and when अण् is added then 1. युष्माक and 2. अस्माक are the substitutes of युष्मद् and अस्मद्.
  3. 4.3.3 तवकममकावेकवचने In expressing one individual, तबक and ममक are the substitutes of युष्मद् and अस्मद् respectively when खञ् and अण् follow.
  4. 4.3.4 अर्धाद्यत् The affix यत् comes after the word अर्द्ध in the remaining senses.
  5. 4.3.5 परावराधमोत्तमपूर्वाच्च The affix यत् comes in the remaining senses after the word अर्द्ध when preceded by 1. पर 2. अवर 3. अधम and 4. उत्तम.
  6. 4.3.6 दिक्पूर्वपदाट्ठञ् च And the affix ठञ् also (as well as यत्) comes in the remaining senses after the word अर्द्ध when the prior term denotes a direction.
  7. 4.3.7 ग्रामजनपदैकदेशादञ्ठञौ The affixes अञ् and ठञ् come in the remaining senses after the word अर्द्ध preceded by a word denoting direction when a particular portion of a village or an inhabited country.
  8. 4.3.8 मध्यान्मः After the word मध्य there is the affix म in the remaining senses.
  9. 4.3.9 अ साम्प्रतिके The affix अ comes in the remaining senses after the word मध्य , the meaning being 'fit' or 'proper'.
  10. 4.3.10 द्वीपादनुसमुद्रं यञ् The affix यञ् comes in the remaining senses after the word द्वीप , which is near the sea.
  11. 4.3.11 कालाट्ठञ् The affix ठञ् comes in the remaining senses after the words denoting time.
  12. 4.3.12 श्राद्धे शरदः The affix ठञ् comes in the remaining senses after the word शरद् when expressing श्राद्ध.
  13. 4.3.13 विभाषा रोगातपयोः The affix ठञ् comes optionally comes in the remaining senses after the word शरद् when expressing illness or heat.
  14. 4.3.14 निशाप्रदोषाभ्यां च The affix ठञ् comes optionally comes in the remaining senses after the words 1. निशा and 2. प्रदोष .
  15. 4.3.15 श्वसस्तुट् च The affix ठञ् comes optionally comes in the remaining senses after the word श्वस् and it takes the augment तुट्.
  16. 4.3.16 संधिवेलाद्यृतुनक्षत्रेभ्योऽण् The affix अण् comes in the remaining senses after the words संधिवेला etc. and the words expressing 'season' and 'asterism'.
  17. 4.3.17 प्रावृष एण्यः The affix एण्य comes in the remaining senses after the word प्रावृष.
  18. 4.3.18 वर्षाभ्यष्ठक् The affix ठक् comes in the remaining senses after the word वर्षा.
  19. 4.3.19 छन्दसि ठञ् In the छन्दस् (Vedas), the word वर्षा takes the affix ठञ् , in the remaining senses.
  20. 4.3.20 वसन्ताच्च In the छन्दस् (Vedas), the affix ठञ् comes in the remaining senses after the word वसन्त.
  21. 4.3.21 हेमन्ताच्च In the छन्दस् (Vedas), the affix ठञ् comes in the remaining senses after the word हेमन्त.
  22. 4.3.22 सर्वत्राण् च तलोपश्च The affix अण् comes always after the word हेमन्त and (before this affix) the letter त of हेमन्त is elided.
  23. 4.3.23 सायंचिरम्प्राह्णेप्रगेऽव्ययेभ्यष्ट्युट्युलौ तुट् च The words सायम्, चिरम्, प्रगे, प्राह्णे, and all the कालवाचक-अव्ययानि get the ट्यु and ट्युल् प्रत्यय in the शैषिक-meanings. Also, the ट्यु and ट्युल् प्रत्यय get a तुट् आगम in this context.
  24. 4.3.24 विभाषा पूर्वाह्णापराह्णाभ्याम् Optionally after the words 1. पूर्वाह्ण and 2. अपराह्ण there are the affixes ट्यु and ट्युल् and their augment is तुट्.
  25. 4.3.25 तत्र जातः The affixes ordained above or hereafter come after a word in the Locative -7th case in construction in the sense of 'born or grown or originated there or then'.
  26. 4.3.26 प्रावृषष्ठप् After the word प्रावृट् being in the Locative -7th case-affix, there is the affix ठप् in the sense of 'produced therein'.
  27. 4.3.27 संज्ञायां शरदो वुञ् The affix वुञ् comes after the word शरद in the Locative -7th case-affix in the sense of 'born therein', the whole word being a name.
  28. 4.3.28 पूर्वाह्णापराह्णार्द्रामूलप्रदोषावस्कराद्वुन् The affix वुञ् comes in the sense of 'born therein' after the words 1. पूर्वाह्ण 2. अपराह्ण 3. आर्द्रा 4. मूला 5. प्रदोष and 6. अवस्कर , the whole being a name.
  29. 4.3.29 पथः पन्थ च The affix वुञ् comes after the word पथ , in the sense of 'produced therein' and thereby in the room of पथ , the substitute is पन्थ.
  30. 4.3.30 अमावास्याया वा The affix वुञ् comes optionally after the word अमावास्या in the sense of 'born therein'.
  31. 4.3.31 अ च The affix अ is also added to the word अमावास्या in the sense of 'born therein'.
  32. 4.3.32 सिन्ध्वपकराभ्यां कन् After the words 1. सिन्धु and 2. अपकर there is the affix कन् in the sense of 'born therein'.
  33. 4.3.33 अणञौ च And the affixes अण् and अञ् come respectively after the words 1. सिन्धु and 2. अपकर.
  34. 4.3.34 श्रविष्ठाफल्गुन्यनुराधास्वातितिष्यपुनर्वसुहस्तविशाखाषाढाबहुलाल्लुक् The affix denoting 'born therein' is elided by लुक् after the words 1. श्रविष्ठ 2. फाल्गुनी 3. अनुराधा 4. स्वाति 5. तिष्य 6. पुनर्वसु 7. हस्त 8. विशाखा 9. अषाढा and 10. बहुला , all denoting asterisms.
  35. 4.3.35 स्थानान्तगोशालखरशालाच्च There is लुक् elision of the affix denoting 'born therein' after a word ending in स्थान and after the words 1. गोशाल and 2. खरशाल.
  36. 4.3.36 वत्सशालाभिजिदश्वयुक्छतभिषजो वा There is optionally लुक् elision of the affix denoting 'born therein' after the words 1. वत्सशाला 2. अभिजित् 3. अश्वयुक् and 4. शतभित्.
  37. 4.3.37 नक्षत्रेभ्यो बहुलम् There is diversely लुक् elision of the affix denoting 'born therein' after an asterism.
  38. 4.3.38 कृतलब्धक्रीतकुशलाः An affix (one of those already taught) comes after a word in the Locative -7th case, in the sense of 'done there', 'obtained there', 'bought there' and 'dexterous therein'.
  39. 4.3.39 प्रायभवः After a word being in construction in the Locative -7th case, an affix (one of those ordained already) comes in the sense of 'generally found therein'.
  40. 4.3.40 उपजानूपकर्णोपनीवेष्ठक् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'mostly to be found there' after the words 1. उपजानु 2. उपकरण and 3. उपोनीवि , being in the Locative -7th case.
  41. 4.3.41 संभूते After a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) or a word ending in the feminine affix ङि and आप् , being in the Locative -7th case in construction, an affix comes in the sense of 'adapted therein'.
  42. 4.3.42 कोशाड्ढञ् The affix ढञ् comes after the words कोश etc. in the sense of 'adapted to that'.
  43. 4.3.43 कालात् साधुपुष्प्यत्पच्यमानेषु An affix comes after a word denoting time being in the Locative -7th case in construction, in the sense of 'being good', 'flowering' or 'ripening therein.
  44. 4.3.44 उप्ते च An affix comes after a word denoting 'time' being in the Locative -7th case in construction meaning 'sown therein'.
  45. 4.3.45 आश्वयुज्या वुञ् The affix वुञ् comes in the sense of 'sown' after the word आश्वयुजी.
  46. 4.3.46 ग्रीष्मवसन्तादन्यतरस्याम् The affix वुञ् comes optionally after the words 1. ग्रीष्म and 2. वसन्त in the sense of 'sown'.
  47. 4.3.47 देयमृणे After a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) being in the Locative -7th case in construction denoting time, an affix comes in the sense of 'being then due'; provided that the thing due be 'debt'.
  48. 4.3.48 कलाप्यश्वत्थयवबुसाद्वुन् The affix वुञ् comes in the sense of 'debt then due' after the words 1. कलापिन् 2. अश्वत्थ and 3. यवबुस् , denoting time and being in the Locative -7th case.
  49. 4.3.49 ग्रीष्मावरसमाद्वुञ् The affix वुञ् comes in the sense of 'debt due' after the words 1. ग्रीष्म and 2. अवरसम.
  50. 4.3.50 संवत्सराग्रहायणीभ्यां ठञ् च The affix ठञ् also (as well as वुञ् ) comes after the words 1. संवत्सरा 2. अग्राहायणी in the sense of 'debt due'.
  51. 4.3.51 व्याहरति मृगः An affix comes after a word in the Locative -7th case in construction denoting time, in the sense of 'who then wanders' and the word so formed refers to a wild beast.
  52. 4.3.52 तदस्य सोढम् An affix comes after a word in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction denoting time in the sense of 'this is his habit or endurance'.
  53. 4.3.53 तत्र भवः An affix comes after a word in the Locative -7th case in construction in the sense of 'who stays there'.
  54. 4.3.54 दिगादिभ्यो यत् The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'who stays there' after the प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stems) दिक् etc.
  55. 4.3.55 शरीरावयवाच्च The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'what stays there' after a word denoting a part of the body.
  56. 4.3.56 दृतिकुक्षिकलशिवस्त्यस्त्यहेर्ढञ् The affix ढञ् comes in the sense of 'what stays there' after the words 1. दृति 2. कुक्षि 3. कलशि 4. वस्ति 5. अस्ति and 6. अहि.
  57. 4.3.57 ग्रीवाभ्योऽण् च The affix अण् also (as well as ढञ् ) comes after the word ग्रीवा in the sense of 'what stays there'.
  58. 4.3.58 गम्भीराञ्ञ्यः The affix ञ्य comes in the sense of 'who stays there' after the word गम्भीर.
  59. 4.3.59 अव्ययीभावाच्च After an अव्ययीभाव समास the affix ञ्य is used in the sense of 'who stays there'.
  60. 4.3.60 अन्तःपूर्वपदाट्ठञ् After an अव्ययीभाव समास having the word अन्तर as prior term, the affix ठञ् is used in the sense of 'who stays there'.
  61. 4.3.61 ग्रामात् पर्यनुपूर्वात् After the word ग्राम preceded by परि or अनु (the whole being अव्ययीभाव समास ) there is the affix ठञ् in the sense of 'who stays there'.
  62. 4.3.62 जिह्वामूलाङ्गुलेश्छः After the words 1. जिह्वामूल and 2. अङ्गुलि there is the affix छ in the sense of 'who stays there'.
  63. 4.3.63 वर्गान्ताच्च After a word ending with वर्ग the affix छ is used in the sense of 'who occurs there'.
  64. 4.3.64 अशब्दे यत्खावन्यतरस्याम् After a word ending with वर्ग but not meaning a 'letter or word' the affixes यत् and ख are optionally used in the sense of 'who stays there'.
  65. 4.3.65 कर्णललाटात् कनलंकारे The affix कन् comes in the sense of 'what occurs there' after कर्ण and ललाट , the word denoting 'an ornament'.
  66. 4.3.66 तस्य व्याख्यान इति च व्याख्यातव्यनाम्नः After the name of a subject of commentary an affix comes in the sense of 'its commentary', as well as in the sense of 'what occurs there'.
  67. 4.3.67 बह्वचोऽन्तोदात्ताट्ठञ् The affix ठञ् comes in the sense of 'staying' and 'a commentary' after a polysyllabic word having उदात्त on the final (the word being the name of a thing to be explained).
  68. 4.3.68 क्रतुयज्ञेभ्यश्च The affix ठञ् comes in the sense of 'occurring' and 'a commentary' after the name of a work to be explained provided that such work relates to a क्रतु or a यज्ञ.
  69. 4.3.69 अध्यायेष्वेवर्षेः The affix ठञ् comes after the name of an explainable work called after a ऋषि in the senses of 'occurring therein' or 'commentary thereon' when it refers to an अध्याय only.
  70. 4.3.70 पौरोडाशपुरोडाशात् ष्ठन् The affix ष्ठन् comes in the sense of 'occurring therein' and 'commentary thereon' after the words 1. पौरोडाश and 2. पुरोडाश.
  71. 4.3.71 छन्दसो यदणौ The affixes यत् and अण् comes in the sense of 'occurring therein' or 'commentary thereon' after the word छन्दस्.
  72. 4.3.72 द्व्यजृद्ब्राह्मणर्क्प्रथमाध्वरपुरश्चरणनामाख्याताट्ठक् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'occurring therein' or 'commentary thereon' after a word of two syllables and a word ending in short ऋ and the words 1. ब्राह्मण 2. ऋक् 3. प्रथम 4. पुरश्चरण 5. नाम 6. आख्यात and 7. नामाख्यात being the names of explainable works.
  73. 4.3.73 अणृगयनादिभ्यः The affix अण् comes in the senses of 'occurring therein' and 'commentary thereon' after the words ऋगयन etc.
  74. 4.3.74 तत आगतः The affix -- प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् (4.1.83) etc. comes in the sense of 'what has come thence'.
  75. 4.3.75 ठगायस्थानेभ्यः After a word denoting sources of revenue there is the affix ठक् in the sense of 'come thence'.
  76. 4.3.76 शुण्डिकादिभ्योऽण् The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'thence come' after the words शुण्डिक etc.
  77. 4.3.77 विद्यायोनिसंबन्धेभ्यो वुञ् The affix वुञ् comes in the sense of 'thence come' after a word denoting a person connected through the relationship or family origin.
  78. 4.3.78 ऋतष्ठञ् The affix ठञ् comes in the sense of 'come thence' after a word ending in short ऋ and denoting a person related through learning or blood.
  79. 4.3.79 पितुर्यच्च The affix यत् and ठञ् comes in the sense of 'come thence' after the word पितृ.
  80. 4.3.80 गोत्रादङ्कवत् After a word ending with a Patronymic affix the rule of affix in the sense of 'thence come' is like that relating to the affix denoting its mark.
  81. 4.3.81 हेतुमनुष्येभ्योऽन्यतरस्यां रूप्यः The affix रूप्य denotes that which from something has originated when it is added to a word denoting 'cause' or to the name of a man viewed as a cause.
  82. 4.3.82 मयट् च After a word denoting a cause or a man viewed as a cause, there is the affix मयट् in the sense of 'come thence'.
  83. 4.3.83 प्रभवति After a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) which is the Ablative -5th case in construction, an affix (one of those already taught) comes in the sense of 'what appears for the first time'.
  84. 4.3.84 विदूराञ्ञ्यः The affix य comes in the sense of 'what manifests itself there' after the word विदुर.
  85. 4.3.85 तद्गच्छति पथिदूतयोः An affix -- प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् (4.1.83) etc. comes after a word in the Accusative -2nd case in construction in the sense of 'what goes thereto', provided that, which goes, is a road or a messenger.
  86. 4.3.86 अभिनिष्क्रामति द्वारम् An affix -- प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् (4.1.83) etc. comes after a word in the Accusative -2nd case in construction in the sense of 'a door which looks towards that'.
  87. 4.3.87 अधिकृत्य कृते ग्रन्थे An affix comes after a word in the Accusative -2nd case in construction in the sense of 'made in relation to any subject' when the thing made is a 'book'.
  88. 4.3.88 शिशुक्रन्दयमसभद्वन्द्वेन्द्रजननादिभ्यश्छः The affix छ comes in the sense of 'a book made relating to a subject' after the following words in the Accusative -2nd case in construction viz. 1. शिशुक्रन्द 2. यमसभ , the द्वन्द समास and the words इन्द्रजनन etc.
  89. 4.3.89 सोऽस्य निवासः After a word in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction, an affix comes in the sense of 'this is his dwelling place'.
  90. 4.3.90 अभिजनश्च After a word in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction, an affix comes in the sense of 'this is his mother-land'.
  91. 4.3.91 आयुधजीविभ्यश्छः पर्वते The affix छ comes after a word denoting 'mountain' in the sense of 'this is his mother-land', when it is a person who lives by arms.
  92. 4.3.92 शण्डिकादिभ्यो ञ्यः The affix ञ्य comes in the sense of 'this is his native-land' after the words शण्डिक etc.
  93. 4.3.93 सिन्धुतक्षशिलादिभ्योऽणञौ The affixes अण् and अञ् come respectively after the words सिन्धु etc. and तक्षशिला etc. in the sense of 'this is his native land'.
  94. 4.3.94 तूदीशलातुरवर्मतीकूचवाराड्ढक्छण्ढञ्यकः After the words 1. तूदी 2. शलातुर 3. वर्मती and 4. कूचवार come respectively the affixes 1. ढक् 2. छण् 3. ढञ् and 4. यक् in the sense of 'this is his native land'.
  95. 4.3.95 भक्तिः An affix -- प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् (4.1.83), comes after a word in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction in the sense of 'this is his object of veneration or love'.
  96. 4.3.96 अचित्ताददेशकालाट्ठक् After a word denoting a thing not having consciousness, but not being the name of a country or time, the affix ठक् is used in the sense of 'this is his object of devotion or love'.
  97. 4.3.97 महाराजाट्ठञ् The affix ठञ् comes in the sense of 'this is his object of veneration' after the word महाराज.
  98. 4.3.98 वासुदेवार्जुनाभ्यां वुन् The affix वुञ् comes in the sense of 'this is his object of veneration' after the words 1. वासुदेव and अर्जुना.
  99. 4.3.99 गोत्रक्षत्रियाख्येभ्यो बहुलं वुञ् The affix वुञ् comes diversely in the sense of 'this is his object of veneration' after a word denoting गोत्र (Patronymic) or a क्षत्रिय.
  100. 4.3.100 जनपदिनां जनपदवत् सर्वं जनपदेन समानशब्दानां बहुवचने Of words denoting Princes (literally - who are Lords of जनपद) the base and affix meaning 'this is his object of veneration' are the same, in every respect, like those of a word denoting kingdom, provided that, the Prince-denoting words have, in the plural, the same form as the Kingdom-denoting words.
  101. 4.3.101 तेन प्रोक्तम् After a word in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction, an affix -- प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् (4.1.83) etc., comes in the sense of 'enounced by him'.
  102. 4.3.102 तित्तिरिवरतन्तुखण्डिकोखाच्छण् The affix छण् comes in the sense of 'enounced by him' after the words 1. तित्तिरि 2. वरतन्तु 3. खण्डिक and 4. उख.
  103. 4.3.103 काश्यपकौशिकाभ्यामृषिभ्यां णिनिः The affix णिनि comes in the sense of 'enounced by him' after the words 1. काश्यप and 2. कौशिक denoting ऋषि-s (Vedic Seers).
  104. 4.3.104 कलापिवैशम्पायनान्तेवासिभ्यश्च After the words denoting the pupils of कलापि and वैशम्पायन , the affix णिनि is used in the sense of 'enounced by him'.
  105. 4.3.105 पुराणप्रोक्तेषु ब्राह्मणकल्पेषु The affix णिनि comes in the sense of 'enounced by him' after a word in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction when it denotes a ब्राह्मण or a कल्प-work enounced by ancient sages.
  106. 4.3.106 शौनकादिभ्यश्छन्दसि The affix णिनि comes in the sense of 'enounced by him' after the words शौनक etc. in denoting छन्दस् (Vedas).
  107. 4.3.107 कठचरकाल्लुक् The affix denoting 'enounced by him' is elided by लुक्-substitution after the words कठ and चरक.
  108. 4.3.108 कलापिनोऽण् The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'enounced by him' after the word कलापि.
  109. 4.3.109 छगलिनो ढिनुक् The affix ढिनुक् comes in the sense of 'enounced by him' after the word छगलिन.
  110. 4.3.110 पाराशर्यशिलालिभ्यां भिक्षुनटसूत्रयोः The affix णिनि comes in the sense of 'enounced by him' after the words 1. पाराशर्य and 2. शिलालिन् , the works enounced being भिक्षु-sūtra and नट-sūtra respectively.
  111. 4.3.111 कर्मन्दकृशाश्वादिनिः The affix इनि comes in the sense of 'enounced by him' the thing enounced being भिक्षु-sūtra and नट-sūtra after the words 1. कर्मन्द 2. कृशाश्व.
  112. 4.3.112 तेनैकदिक् An affix -- प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् (4.1.83) etc. comes after a word in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction in the sense of 'in the same direction with that'.
  113. 4.3.113 तसिश्च The affix तसि comes in the sense of 'in the same direction with that'.
  114. 4.3.114 उरसो यच्च The affixes यत् and तसि come in the sense of 'in the same direction with that' after the word उरस.
  115. 4.3.115 उपज्ञाते After a word in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction an affix is used in the sense 'discovered by him'.
  116. 4.3.116 कृते ग्रन्थे An affix comes after a word in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction in the sense of 'made', the thing made being 'a book'.
  117. 4.3.117 संज्ञायाम् An affix comes after a word in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction in the sense of 'made by him' when the whole word is a Name.
  118. 4.3.118 कुलालादिभ्यो वुञ् The affix वुञ् comes in the sense of 'made by him' after the words कुलाल etc. the whole word so formed being a Name.
  119. 4.3.119 क्षुद्राभ्रमरवटरपादपादञ् The affix अञ् comes after the words 1. क्षुद्रा 2. भ्रमर 3. वटर and 4. पादप in the sense of 'made by him', the whole word being a Name.
  120. 4.3.120 तस्येदम् After a word in the Genitive -6th-Case in construction an affix -- प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् (4.1.83) comes in the sense of 'this is his',
  121. 4.3.121 रथाद्यत् The affix यत् comes after रथ in the sense of 'this is his'.
  122. 4.3.122 पत्रपूर्वादञ् When preceded by a word denoting 'a draught animal', रथ takes the affix अञ् in the sense of 'this is his'.
  123. 4.3.123 पत्राध्वर्युपरिषदश्च After a word denoting a draught-animal and after the words 1. अध्वर्यु and 2. परिषद् the affix अञ् is added.
  124. 4.3.124 हलसीराट्ठक् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'this is his' after the words 1. हल and 2. सीर.
  125. 4.3.125 द्वन्द्वाद्वुन् वैरमैथुनिकयोः The affix वुञ् comes in the sense of 'this is his' after द्वन्द compound of words denoting 'mutual enmity' or 'matrimonial relationship'.
  126. 4.3.126 गोत्रचरणाद्वुञ् The affix वुञ् comes in the sense of 'this is his' after the words denoting गोत्र (Patronymic/Family-names) of Vedic schools.
  127. 4.3.127 संघाङ्कलक्षणेष्वञ्यञिञामण् The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'this is his' after a गोत्र (Patronymic) word ending with the affix अञ् or यञ् or इञ् , the words so formed expressing a multitude, a mark or a sign.
  128. 4.3.128 शाकलाद्वा The affix अण् optionally comes in the sense of 'this is his congregation, mark, sign or hamlet' after the word शाकल.
  129. 4.3.129 छन्दोगौक्थिकयाज्ञिकबह्वृचनटाञ्ञ्यः The affix ञ्य comes in the sense of 'this is his Law or Tradition' after the words 1. छान्दोग 2. औक्थिक 3. याज्ञिक 4. बह्वृच and 5. नट.
  130. 4.3.130 न दण्डमाणवान्तेवासिषु The affix वुञ् is not used after a Family-name when it denotes 'a beginner pupil' and 'a boarder pupil'.
  131. 4.3.131 रैवतिकादिभ्यश्छः The affix छ comes in the sense of 'this is his' after the words रैवतिक etc.
  132. 4.3.132 कौपिञ्जलहास्तिपदादण् The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'this is his' after the words 1. कौपिञ्जल 2. हास्तिपद.
  133. 4.3.133 आथर्वणिकस्येकलोपश्च The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'this is his' after the word आथर्वणिक and the penultimate इक् is elided.
  134. 4.3.134 तस्य विकारः An affix -- प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् (4.1.83) etc., comes after a word in the Genitive -6th-Case in construction in the sense of 'a modification thereof'.
  135. 4.3.135 अवयवे च प्राण्योषधिवृक्षेभ्यः An affix comes after a word denoting an animal, a herb and a tree in Genitive -6th-Case in construction in the sense 'this is its part' (as well as 'this is its modification').
  136. 4.3.136 बिल्वादिभ्योऽण् The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'its modification or its part' after the words बिल्व etc.
  137. 4.3.137 कोपधाच्च After a word having क् as its penultimate, the affix अण् comes in the sense of modification or a part or both, as appropriate.
  138. 4.3.138 त्रपुजतुनोः षुक् The affix अण् with the augment षुक् comes in the sense of 'its modification' after the words त्रपुन् and जतुन्.
  139. 4.3.139 ओरञ् The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'modification or part' (provided that the word has not the अनुदात्त - grave accent on the first syllable).
  140. 4.3.140 अनुदात्तादेश्च The affix अञ् comes in the sense of 'modification or part' after a word having अनुदात्त - grave accent on the first syllable.
  141. 4.3.141 पलाशादिभ्यो वा The affix अञ् comes optionally in the sense of 'modification or part' after the words पलाश etc.
  142. 4.3.142 शम्याष्ट्लञ् The affix ट्लञ् comes in the sense of 'modification or part' after the word शमी.
  143. 4.3.143 मयड्वैतयोर्भाषायामभक्ष्याच्छादनयोः The affix मयट् comes optionally after any base, in these two meanings of 'product' and 'part' in secular language when neither food nor clothing is spoken of.
  144. 4.3.144 नित्यं वृद्धशरादिभ्यः The affix मयट् comes in the sense of 'product' and 'part' when neither food nor clothing is spoken of, invariably after वृद्ध words and शर etc.
  145. 4.3.145 गोश्च पुरीषे The affix मयट् comes after the word गो in the sense of 'its dung'.
  146. 4.3.146 पिष्टाच्च The affix मयट् invariably comes in the sense of 'its product or part' after the word पिष्ट.
  147. 4.3.147 संज्ञायां कन् The affix कन् comes in the sense of 'product' after the word पिष्ट , the whole word being a Name.
  148. 4.3.148 व्रीहेः पुरोडाशे The affix मयट् comes after the word व्रीहि in the sense of a पुरोडाश.
  149. 4.3.149 असंज्ञायां तिलयवाभ्याम् The affix मयट् comes in the sense of 'product' after the words तिल and यवा - the whole not being a name.
  150. 4.3.150 द्व्यचश्छन्दसि In the छन्दस् (Vedas) after a disyllabic word the affix मयट् comes in the sense of 'product or part'.
  151. 4.3.151 नोत्वद्वर्ध्रबिल्वात् The affix मयट् does not come in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after the disyllabic words having a short vowel उ in them, nor after the words 1. वर्ध्र and 2. बिल्वा.
  152. 4.3.152 तालादिभ्योऽण् The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'its product or part' after the words ताला etc.
  153. 4.3.153 जातरूपेभ्यः परिमाणे The affix अण् comes after a word denoting 'gold' when the sense is a weight or measure.
  154. 4.3.154 प्राणिरजतादिभ्योऽञ् The affix अञ् comes in the sense of 'product or part' after the words expressing living beings and after रजत etc.
  155. 4.3.155 ञितश्च तत्प्रत्ययात् The affix अञ् comes in the sense of 'product or part' after a word which ends in an affix having an indicatory ञ् , such affix denoting 'its product or part'.
  156. 4.3.156 क्रीतवत् परिमाणात् After a word denoting 'a measure' the affix expressing 'its product or part' is the same as the affix having the sense of 'purchased'.
  157. 4.3.157 उष्ट्राद्वुञ् The affix वुञ् comes in the sense of 'product or part' after the word उष्ट्र.
  158. 4.3.158 उमोर्णयोर्वा The affix वुञ् comes optionally in the sense of 'product or part' after the words 1. उमा and 2. ऊर्णा.
  159. 4.3.159 एण्या ढञ् The affix ढञ् comes optionally in the sense of 'product or part' after the feminine word एणी.
  160. 4.3.160 गोपयसोर्यत् The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'product or part' after the words 1. गो and 2. पयस्.
  161. 4.3.161 द्रोश्च The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'product or part' after the word द्रु.
  162. 4.3.162 माने वयः The affix वय comes in the sense of 'product' after the word द्रु , the word meaning 'a measure'.
  163. 4.3.163 फले लुक् The affix denoting 'product or part' is लुक् elided when such a product or part is 'a fruit'.
  164. 4.3.164 प्लक्षादिभ्योऽण् The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'product or part, it being a fruit' after the words प्लक्ष etc.
  165. 4.3.165 जम्ब्वा वा The affix अण् optionally comes in denoting a fruit after the word जम्बु.
  166. 4.3.166 लुप् च The affix denoting 'fruit' is optionally elided by लुप् after the word जम्बु.
  167. 4.3.167 हरीतक्यादिभ्यश्च The affix denoting 'fruit' is elided by लुप् after the words हरीतकी etc.
  168. 4.3.168 कंसीयपरशव्ययोर्यञञौ लुक् च The affixes यञ् and अञ् come respectively in the sense of 'its product' after the words 1. कंसीय and 2. परशव्य and there is लुक् elision (of the छ and यत् affixes of those words).

Pāda 4.4 ṭhak and yat senses

Two default-affix blocks: ṭhak for senses like "plays / digs / wins with" (4.4.2) and "lives by" (4.4.12), from 4.4.1 to 4.4.74; and yat for senses like "what bears it" (4.4.76), from 4.4.75 to the end of the pāda. map →

  1. 4.4.1 प्राग्वहतेष्ठक् The ठक् प्रत्यय is used as a default for the प्राग्वहतीय meanings. adhikāra
  2. 4.4.2 तेन दीव्यति खनति जयति जितम् The ठक् प्रत्यय is attached to a तृतीयासमर्थ instrument to indicate (1) a person who gambles, (2) A person who digs, (3) A person who wins, (4) An entity that is won.
  3. 4.4.3 संस्कृतम् To express an entity that has been cultured / processed, an appropriate तद्धितप्रत्यय gets attached to the तृतीयासमर्थ word indicating the substance used for culturing / processing.
  4. 4.4.4 कुलत्थकोपधादण् After the word कुलत्थ and after the words having a penultimate क् , the affix अण् is added in the sense of 'refined or prepared therewith'.
  5. 4.4.5 तरति The affix ठक् comes after a word in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction, in the sense of 'he crosses thereby over the waters'.
  6. 4.4.6 गोपुच्छाट्ठञ् The affix ठञ् comes after the word गोपुच्छ in the sense of 'he crosses thereby'.
  7. 4.4.7 नौद्व्यचष्ठन् The affix ठञ् comes after the word नौ and after bases having two syllables in the sense of 'he crosses therewith'.
  8. 4.4.8 चरति After a word in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction comes the affix ठक् in the sense of 'he goes on by means thereof'.
  9. 4.4.9 आकर्षात् ष्ठल् The affix ष्ठल् comes in the sense of 'he goes on by means thereof' after the word आकर्ष.
  10. 4.4.10 पर्पादिभ्यः ष्ठन् The affix ष्ठन् comes in the sense of 'he goes on, by means thereof' after the words पर्प etc.
  11. 4.4.11 श्वगणाट्ठञ्च The affixes ठञ् and ष्ठन् , come after the word श्वगण , in the sense of 'he goes by means thereof'.
  12. 4.4.12 वेतनादिभ्यो जीवति The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'he lives thereby' after the words वेतन etc. being in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction.
  13. 4.4.13 वस्नक्रयविक्रयाट्ठन् The affix ठन् comes in the sense of 'he lives thereby' after the words 1. वस्न 2. क्रय and 3. विक्रय being in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction.
  14. 4.4.14 आयुधाच्छ च The affixes छ and ठन् come in the sense of 'he conveys thereby' after the word आयुध.
  15. 4.4.15 हरत्युत्सङ्गादिभ्यः The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'he conveys thereby' after the words उत्सङ्ग etc. being in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction.
  16. 4.4.16 भस्त्रादिभ्यः ष्ठन् The affix ष्ठन् comes in the sense of 'he conveys' after the words भस्त्र etc. being in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction.
  17. 4.4.17 विभाषा विवधवीवधात् The affix ष्ठन् optionally comes in the sense of 'he conveys' after the words 1. विवध and 2. वीवध being in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction.
  18. 4.4.18 अण् कुटिलिकायाः The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'he conveys' after the word कुटिलिका in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction.
  19. 4.4.19 निर्वृत्तेऽक्षद्यूतादिभ्यः The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'completed thereby' after the words अक्षद्यूत etc. being in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction.
  20. 4.4.20 क्त्रेर्मम् नित्यम् The affix मप् comes always after the words ending in the affix त्रि, in the sense of 'completed thereby'.
  21. 4.4.21 अपमित्ययाचिताभ्यां कक्कनौ The affixes कक् and कन् come respectively after the words 1. अपमित्य and 2. याचित when the sense is that of completion.
  22. 4.4.22 संसृष्टे The affix ठक् comes after a word in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction when the sense is 'mixed therewith'.
  23. 4.4.23 चूर्णादिनिः The affix इनि comes after the word चूर्ण when the sense is 'mixed therewith'.
  24. 4.4.24 लवणाल्लुक् The affix ठक् meaning 'mixed therewith' is लुक् elided after the word लवण.
  25. 4.4.25 मुद्गादण् The affix अण् comes after the word मुद्ग when the sense is 'mixed therewith'.
  26. 4.4.26 व्यञ्जनैरुपसिक्ते The affix ठक् comes after a word denoting a condiment, being in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction when the sense is 'sprinkled therewith'.
  27. 4.4.27 ओजस्सहोऽम्भसा वर्तते The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'it exists' after the words 1. ओजस् 2. सहस् and 3. अभस् being in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction.
  28. 4.4.28 तत् प्रत्यनुपूर्वमीपलोमकूलम् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'it exists' after 1. ईप 2. लोम and 3. कूल preceded by अनु and प्रति ; the word being in the Accusative -2nd case in construction.
  29. 4.4.29 परिमुखं च The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'it exists' after the word परिमुख being it the Accusative -2nd case in construction.
  30. 4.4.30 प्रयच्छति गर्ह्यम् The affix ठक् comes after a word in the Accusative -2nd case in construction when the sense is 'he gives', the motive being mean.
  31. 4.4.31 कुसीददशैकादशात् ष्ठन्ष्ठचौ The affixes ष्ठन् and ष्ठच् come respectively after the words कुसीद and दशैकादश when the sense is 'he gives for a mean motive'.
  32. 4.4.32 उञ्छति The affix ठक् comes after a word in the Accusative -2nd case in construction when the sense is 'who gleans that'.
  33. 4.4.33 रक्षति The affix ठक् comes after a word in the Accusative -2nd case in construction when the sense is 'he aids or protects that'.
  34. 4.4.34 शब्ददर्दुरं करोति The affix ठक् comes after a word in the Accusative -2nd case in construction when the sense is 'who makes a sound or croaking'.
  35. 4.4.35 पक्षिमत्स्यमृगान् हन्ति The affix ठक् comes after a word in the Accusative -2nd case in construction denoting birds, fishes or wild beasts, when the sense is 'who kills that'.
  36. 4.4.36 परिपन्थं च तिष्ठति The affix ठक् also comes in the sense of 'who stays' after the word परिपन्थ , the word being in the Accusative -2nd case in construction.
  37. 4.4.37 माथोत्तरपदपदव्यनुपदं धावति The affix ठक् also comes in the sense of 'who runs' after a word having माथ as its second term and after the words पदवी and अनुपद.
  38. 4.4.38 आक्रन्दाट्ठञ्च The affixes ठञ् and ठक् come after the word आक्रन्द being in the Accusative -2nd case in construction in the sense of 'who runs'.
  39. 4.4.39 पदोत्तरपदं गृह्णाति The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'who takes' after a word having पद as its second member, the word being in the Accusative -2nd case in construction.
  40. 4.4.40 प्रतिकण्ठार्थललामं च The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'who takes' after the words 1. प्रतिकण्ठा 2. अर्थ and 3. ललाम being in the Accusative -2nd case in construction.
  41. 4.4.41 धर्मं चरति The affix ठक् comes after the word धर्मं being in the Accusative -2nd case in construction in the sense of 'who practices that'.
  42. 4.4.42 प्रतिपथमेति ठंश्च The affix ठन् and ठक् comes after the word प्रतिपथम् , in the Accusative -2nd case in construction in the sense of 'who goes'.
  43. 4.4.43 समवायान् समवैति The affix ठन् and ठक् comes after the words in the Accusative -2nd case in construction denoting combination in the sense 'who assembles there'.
  44. 4.4.44 परिषदो ण्यः The affix ण्य comes after the word परिषद in the sense of 'who assembles there'.
  45. 4.4.45 सेनाया वा The affix ण्य comes optionally after the word सेना in the sense of 'who assembles there'.
  46. 4.4.46 संज्ञायां ललाटकुक्कुट्यौ पश्यति The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'who sees that' after the words 1. ललाट and 2. कुक्कुटी in the Accusative -2nd case in construction, the whole word being a Name.
  47. 4.4.47 तस्य धर्म्यम् The affix ठक् comes after a word in the Genitive -6th-Case in construction in the sense of 'its usage'.
  48. 4.4.48 अण् महिष्यादिभ्यः The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'its law' after the word महिषी etc.
  49. 4.4.49 ऋतोऽञ् The affix अञ् comes in the sense of 'its law' after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) ending ऋ.
  50. 4.4.50 अवक्रयः The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'its tax' after a word in the Genitive -6th-Case in construction.
  51. 4.4.51 तदस्य पण्यम् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'this is whose saleable commodity' after a word in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction denoting the thing to be sold.
  52. 4.4.52 लवणाट्ठञ् The affix ठञ् comes in the sense of 'this is whose saleable commodity' after the word लवण.
  53. 4.4.53 किशरादिभ्यः ष्ठन् The affix ष्ठन् comes in the sense of 'this is whose saleable commodity' after the words किशर etc.
  54. 4.4.54 शलालुनोऽन्यतरस्याम् The affix ष्ठन् comes in the sense of 'this is whose saleable commodity' after the word शलालुन.
  55. 4.4.55 शिल्पम् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'this is whose Art' after a word denoting Art in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction.
  56. 4.4.56 मड्डुकझर्झरादणन्यतरस्याम् The affix अण् optionally comes in the sense of 'this is whose Art' after the words 1. मड्डुक and 2. झर्झर.
  57. 4.4.57 प्रहरणम् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'this is whose weapon' after a word denoting 'a weapon' and being in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction.
  58. 4.4.58 परश्वधाट्ठञ्च The affixes ठञ् and ठक् come in the sense of 'this is whose weapon' after the word परश्वध.
  59. 4.4.59 शक्तियष्ट्योरीकक् The affix ईकक् comes in the sense of 'this is whose weapon' after the words 1. शक्ति and 2. यष्ट्यि.
  60. 4.4.60 अस्तिनास्तिदिष्टं मतिः The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'this is whose belief' after the words 1. अस्ति 2. नास्ति and 3. दिष्ट.
  61. 4.4.61 शीलम् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'whose habit is this' after a word in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction.
  62. 4.4.62 छत्रादिभ्यो णः The affix ण comes in the sense of 'whose habit is this' after the words छत्र etc.
  63. 4.4.63 कर्माध्ययने वृत्तम् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'this is his act, occurring in study' after a word in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction, if such a word is an कर्म (act) which has वृत्तम् (occurred) अध्ययन in (study).
  64. 4.4.64 बह्वच्पूर्वपदाट्ठच् The affix ठच् comes in the sense of 'this is whose act occurring in study' after a compound having polysyllabic word as a prior member.
  65. 4.4.65 हितं भक्षाः The affix ठक् comes after a word expressing food, in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction, in the sense of 'this is wholesome diet for whom'.
  66. 4.4.66 तदस्मै दीयते नियुक्तम् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'to whom this is to be given rightfully' after a word expressing the thing to be given, in the Nominative 1st-Case (तद्) in construction, the force of the affix being that of a Dative -4th Case.
  67. 4.4.67 श्राणामांसौदनाट्टिठन् The affix टिठन् comes in the sense of 'to whom this is given rightfully' after the words 1. श्राणा and 2. मांसौदन.
  68. 4.4.68 भक्तादणन्यतरस्याम् The affix अण् optionally comes after the word भक्त in the sense of 'to whom this is to be given rightfully'.
  69. 4.4.69 तत्र नियुक्तः The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'appointed there' after a word in the Locative -7th case (तत्र) in construction.
  70. 4.4.70 अगारान्ताट्ठन् The affix ठन् comes in the sense of 'appointed there' after a word ending with अगार.
  71. 4.4.71 अध्यायिन्यदेशकालात् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'who studies there' after a word in the Locative -7th case in construction, denoting an improper place or time.
  72. 4.4.72 कठिनान्तप्रस्तारसंस्थानेषु व्यवहरति The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'who transacts business therein', after compounds ending in कठिन and after प्रस्तार, being in the Locative -7th case in construction.
  73. 4.4.73 निकटे वसति The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'who dwells' after the Locative word निकट.
  74. 4.4.74 आवसथात् ष्ठल् The affix ष्ठल् comes in the sense of 'who dwells there' after the word आवसथ in the Locative -7th case in construction.
  75. 4.4.75 प्राग्घिताद्यत् The यत् प्रत्यय is used as a default for the प्राक्-हितीय meanings. adhikāra
  76. 4.4.76 तद्वहति रथयुगप्रासङ्गम् The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'what bears it' after the words 1. रथ 2. युग and 3. प्रासङ्ग being in the Accusative -2nd case in construction.
  77. 4.4.77 धुरो यड्ढकौ The affixes यत् and ढक् comes in the sense of 'what bears it' after the word धुर in the Accusative -2nd case in construction.
  78. 4.4.78 खः सर्वधुरात् The affix ख comes in the sense of 'what bears it' after the word सर्वधुरा being in Accusative -2nd case construction.
  79. 4.4.79 एकधुराल्लुक् च The affix ख comes in the sense of 'what bears it' after the word एकधुरा being in Accusative -2nd case construction, the affix is optionally elided too.
  80. 4.4.80 शकटादण् The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'what bears it' after the word शकट being in Accusative -2nd case construction.
  81. 4.4.81 हलसीराट्ठक् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'what bears it' after the words 1. हल and 2. सीर in Accusative -2nd case construction.
  82. 4.4.82 संज्ञायां जन्याः The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'what bears it' after the word जनी being in Accusative -2nd case construction, the whole word being a Name.
  83. 4.4.83 विध्यत्यधनुषा The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'what pierces it' after a word in the Accusative -2nd case in construction, provided that it is not a bow with which anything is pierced.
  84. 4.4.84 धनगणं लब्धा The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'who obtains it' after the words 1. धन and 2. गण being in the Accusative -2nd case in construction.
  85. 4.4.85 अन्नाण्णः The affix ण comes in the sense of 'who obtains it' after the word अन्न , in the Accusative -2nd case in construction.
  86. 4.4.86 वशं गतः The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'gone' after the word वश 'control', being in the Accusative -2nd case in construction.
  87. 4.4.87 पदमस्मिन् दृश्यम् The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'in it is visible' after the word पद being in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction.
  88. 4.4.88 मूलमस्याबर्हि The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'whose root is eradicated' after the word मूल being in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction.
  89. 4.4.89 संज्ञायां धेनुष्या The word धेनुष्या is irregularly formed being a Name.
  90. 4.4.90 गृहपतिना संयुक्ते ञ्यः The affix ञ्य comes in the sense of 'joined with' after the word गृहपति in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction.
  91. 4.4.91 नौवयोधर्मविषमूलमूलसीतातुलाभ्यस्तार्यतुल्यप्राप्यवध्यानाम्यसमसमितसम्मितेषु The affix यत् comes after the words 1. नौ 'a boat' 2. वयस् 'age' 3. धर्म 'merit' 4. विष 'poison' 5. मूल 'a root' 6. मूल 'a capital' 7. सीता 'a furrow' and 8. तुला 'a balance', in the senses respectively of 1. 'to be crossed' 2. 'like' 3. 'attainable' 4. 'to be put to death' 5. 'to be bent down' 6. 'equivalent to' 7. 'united with' and 8. 'equally measured'.
  92. 4.4.92 धर्मपथ्यर्थन्यायादनपेते The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'not deviating there from' after the words 1. धर्म 2. पथिन् 3. अर्थ and 4. न्याय .
  93. 4.4.93 छन्दसो निर्मिते The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'made' after the word छन्दस् being in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction.
  94. 4.4.94 उरसोऽण् च The affixes अण् and यत् come in the sense of 'made' after उरस् in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction.
  95. 4.4.95 हृदयस्य प्रियः The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'loved' after the word हृदय being in the Genitive -6th-Case in construction.
  96. 4.4.96 बन्धने चर्षौ The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'a bond' after the word हृदय being in the Genitive -6th-Case construction, when the word denotes a 'hymn'.
  97. 4.4.97 मतजनहलात् करणजल्पकर्षेषु The affix यत् comes after words 1. मत 2. जन and 3. हल in the senses respectively of 1. 'means 2. 'gossip' and 3. 'drawing', the words being in the Genitive -6th-Case in construction.
  98. 4.4.98 तत्र साधुः The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'excellent in regard thereto' after a word in the Locative -7th case in construction.
  99. 4.4.99 प्रतिजनादिभ्यः खञ् The affix खञ् comes in the sense of 'excellent in regard thereto' after the words प्रतिजन etc.
  100. 4.4.100 भक्ताण्णः The affix ण comes in the sense of 'excellent with regard thereto' after the word भक्त.
  101. 4.4.101 परिषदो ण्यः The affix ण्य comes in the sense of 'excellent with regard thereto' after the word परिषद.
  102. 4.4.102 कथादिभ्यष्ठक् The affix ठक् comes in the sense of 'excellent with regard thereto' after the words कथ etc.
  103. 4.4.103 गुडादिभ्यष्ठञ् The affix ठञ् comes in the sense of 'excellent with regard thereto' after the words गुड etc.
  104. 4.4.104 पथ्यतिथिवसतिस्वपतेर्ढञ् The affix ठञ् comes in the sense of 'excellent with regard thereto' after the words 1. पथि 2. अतिथि 3. वसति and 4. स्वपति.
  105. 4.4.105 सभाया यः The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'excellent with regard thereto' after the word सभा .
  106. 4.4.106 ढश्छन्दसि The affix ढ comes in the sense of 'excellent with regard thereto' after the word सभा in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  107. 4.4.107 समानतीर्थे वासी The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'resident therein' after the word समानतीर्थ in the Locative -7th case construction.
  108. 4.4.108 समानोदरे शयित ओ चोदात्तः The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'who sleeps' after the word समानोदर in the Locative -7th case construction and the उदात्त falls on the letter ओ.
  109. 4.4.109 सोदराद्यः The affix य comes in the sense of 'who sleeps' after the word सोदर the word being in the Locative -7th case in construction.
  110. 4.4.110 भवे छन्दसि The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'what stays here' in the छन्दस् (Vedas) when in the Locative -7th case in construction.
  111. 4.4.111 पाथोनदीभ्यां ड्यण् The affix ड्यण comes in the sense of 'what stays there' after the words 1. पाथस् and 2. नदी , in the छन्दस् (Vedas), whereby the last vowel with the consonant following is elided.
  112. 4.4.112 वेशन्तहिमवद्भ्यामण् The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'what stays there' after the words 1. वेशन्त and 2. हिमवत् , in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  113. 4.4.113 स्रोतसो विभाषा ड्यड्ड्यौ The affixes ड्यत् and ड्य come in the sense of 'what stays there' after the word स्रोतस् and before these affixes the final syllable अस् of स्रोतस् is elided, in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  114. 4.4.114 सगर्भसयूथसनुताद्यन् The affix यन् comes in the sense of 'what stays there' after the words 1. सगर्भ 2. सयूथ and 3. सनुत.
  115. 4.4.115 तुग्राद्घन् The affix धन् comes in the sense of 'what stays there' after the word तुग्र , in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  116. 4.4.116 अग्राद्यत् The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'what stays there' after the word अग्र , in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  117. 4.4.117 घच्छौ च The affixes घच् and छ come in the sense of 'what stays there' after the word अग्र , in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  118. 4.4.118 समुद्राभ्राद्घः The affix घ comes in the sense of 'what stays there' after the words 1. समुद्र and 2. अभ्र , in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  119. 4.4.119 बर्हिषि दत्तम् The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'given' after the word बर्हिष् in the Locative -7th case in construction, in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  120. 4.4.120 दूतस्य भागकर्मणी The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'its share' or 'its duty' after the word दूत in the Genitive -6th-Case in construction, in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  121. 4.4.121 रक्षोयातूनां हननी The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'killer' after the words 1. रक्षा and 2. यातू in the Genitive -6th-Case in construction, in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  122. 4.4.122 रेवतीजगतीहविष्याभ्यः प्रशस्ये The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'praising' after the words 1. रेवती 2. जगतीand 3. हविष्य in the Genitive -6th-Case in construction, in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  123. 4.4.123 असुरस्य स्वम् The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'property' after the word असुर in the Genitive -6th-Case in construction, in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  124. 4.4.124 मायायामण् The affix अण् comes in the sense of 'glamour' after the word असुर in the Genitive 6th-Case in construction, in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  125. 4.4.125 तद्वानासामुपधानो मन्त्र इतीष्टकासु लुक् च मतोः The affix यत् comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction, ending with the affix मतुप् when the sense is 'this is their मन्त्र of putting up' provided that the things put are bricks and the affix मतुप् is लुक् elided.
  126. 4.4.126 अश्विमानण् The affix अण् comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after the words अश्विमान् to denote bricks put up with the मन्त्र containing the word अश्विन् and the affix मतुप् is लुक् elided.
  127. 4.4.127 वयस्यासु मूर्ध्नो मतुप् The affix मतुप् is added in the छन्दस् (Vedas) to the word मूर्धन्वत् in expressing bricks collected with the मन्त्र containing the word वयस्.
  128. 4.4.128 मत्वर्थे मासतन्वोः The affix यत् comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) with the force of मतुप् after a word in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction, the word so formed meaning 'a month' or 'a body'.
  129. 4.4.129 मधोर्ञ च The affixes यत् and ष come with the force of मतुप् in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after the word मधु.
  130. 4.4.130 ओजसोऽहनि यत्खौ The affixes यत् and ख come with the force of मतुप् after the word ओजस् when 'a day' is meant.
  131. 4.4.131 वेशोयशआदेर्भगाद्यल् The affix थल् comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) with the force of मतुप् after the word भग having the words 1. वेशस् or 2. यशस् in the beginning.
  132. 4.4.132 ख च The affix ख comes after the words 1. वेशोभग and 2. यशोभग in the छन्दस् (Vedas) with the force of मतुप्.
  133. 4.4.133 पूर्वैः कृतमिनयौ च The affixes इन , ख and य come in the sense of 'made by them' after the word पूर्व 'fore-fathers' in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction.
  134. 4.4.134 अद्भिः संस्कृतम् The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'sanctified' after the word अपस् in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction, in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  135. 4.4.135 सहस्रेण संमितौ घः The affix घ comes in the sense of 'like' after the word सहस्र in the Instrumental -3rd case in construction, in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  136. 4.4.136 मतौ च The affix घ comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) with the force of मतुप् after the word सहस्र.
  137. 4.4.137 सोममर्हति यः The affix य comes in the sense of 'who deserves that' after the word सोम in the Accusative -2nd case in construction, in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  138. 4.4.138 मये च The affix य comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after the word सोम with the force of मतुप्.
  139. 4.4.139 मधोः The affix यत् comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after the word मधु with the force of मतुप्.
  140. 4.4.140 वसोः समूहे च The affix यत् comes in the sense of 'a collection' after the word वसु , as well as with the force of मतुप् , in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  141. 4.4.141 नक्षत्राद्घः The affix घ comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after the word नक्षत्र without altering the meaning.
  142. 4.4.142 सर्वदेवात् तातिल् The affix तातिल् comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after the words 1. सर्व and 2. देव without altering the meaning.
  143. 4.4.143 शिवशमरिष्टस्य करे The affix तातिल् comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after the words 1. शिव 2. शम् and 3. अरिष्ट in the Genitive 6th-Case in construction when the sense is 'he does'.
  144. 4.4.144 भावे च The affix तातिल् comes in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after the words 1. शिव 2. शम् and 3. अरिष्ट in the Genitive 6th-Case in construction, the sense being that of condition.

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