4.3.135
अवयवे च प्राण्योषधिवृक्षेभ्यः
Operational rule vidhi
An affix comes after a word denoting an animal, a herb and a tree in Genitive -6th-Case in construction in the sense 'this is its part' (as well as 'this is its modification').
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context अवयवे saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyayaLeft context प्राणि- ओषधि- वृक्षेभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
अवयवे च प्राणि-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
An affix comes after a word denoting an animal, a herb and a tree in Genitive -6th-Case in construction in the sense 'this is its part' (as well as 'this is its modification').
By the word च in the sutra, the phrase तस्य विकारः is also read into the sutra.
Thus कपोतस्य विकारोऽवयवो वा = कापोतः 4.3.154 ॥ So also मायूरः, तैत्तिरः 'a modification, product or part of a peacock &c -- viz a fan &c.' So also ओषधिः as, मौर्वम् 'product of Murva i.e. ashes or the stalk of Murva'. So also वृक्ष, as, कारीरं meaning "the stalk or the ashes of Karira tree".
In the subsequent sutras, both the words विकार and अवयव have governing force. But after words which denote non-animals, non-plants or non-trees, the affixes have only the sense of विकार ॥ This is a rather unique case of double anuvritti, not co-extensive in every respect.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.