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Adhyāya 6 of 8 · 736 sūtras

षष्ठः अध्यायः Reduplication, sandhi, accent, stem changes

Stem & junction operations · Operations on the string once affixes are in place: reduplication and saṃprasāraṇa, vowel sandhi at junctions (6.1.72 saṃhitāyām), accent, changes to the first member of compounds, and from 6.4.1 aṅgasya the long section of changes to the stem (aṅga) before an affix, which continues to the end of Adhyāya 7.

Headings: 6.1.1 एकाचो द्वे प्रथमस्य → 6.1.12; 6.1.72 संहितायाम् → 6.1.157; 6.4.1 अङ्गस्य → 7.4.97

  1. 6.1 Reduplication, saṃprasāraṇa, sandhi, accent
  2. 6.2 Accent of compounds
  3. 6.3 First member of compounds
  4. 6.4 aṅga operations begin
See adhyāya 6 on the structure map →

Pāda 6.1 Reduplication, saṃprasāraṇa, sandhi, accent

Reduplication (6.1.1, in the perfect 6.1.8); saṃprasāraṇa (y/v → i/u, e.g. 6.1.15); sandhi under 6.1.72 saṃhitāyām: yaṇ (6.1.77), ay/āv (6.1.78), single replacements under 6.1.84 (guṇa 6.1.87, long vowel 6.1.101); deletion of su/ti/si after consonants and ī/ā (6.1.68); accent from 6.1.158. map →

  1. 6.1.1 एकाचो द्वे प्रथमस्य In this अधिकार the doubling happens for the first एकाच् entity of the verb adhikāra
  2. 6.1.2 अजादेर्द्वितीयस्य The द्वित्व mandated in the एकाचो द्वे प्रथमस्य (6.1.1) अधिकार happens for the second एकाच् component of an अनेकाच् अजादि word.
  3. 6.1.3 न न्द्राः संयोगादयः When doubling of an अनेकाच् अजादि verb root is to be done, the नकार, दकार, and रेफ present at the beginning of a संयोग are not duplicated.
  4. 6.1.4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः When a repetition is done, the first entity out of the two is called अभ्यास. saṃjñā
  5. 6.1.5 उभे अभ्यस्तम् When the doubling happens in this अधिकार, the two copies are collectively referred as 'अभ्यस्त'. saṃjñā
  6. 6.1.6 जक्षित्यादयः षट् The verb roots belonging to the जक्षित्यादिगण are called 'अभ्यस्त'.
  7. 6.1.7 तुजादीनां दीर्घोऽभ्यासस्य In the room of a short vowel of the Reduplicate of the the roots तुज् etc., a long is substituted.
  8. 6.1.8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य When followed by a प्रत्यय of लिट् लकार, a verb root that have not yet undergone द्वित्वम् undergoes द्वित्वम्.
  9. 6.1.9 सन्यङोः When followed by the सन्-प्रत्यय or the यङ्-प्रत्यय, a verb root that have not yet undergone द्वित्वम् undergoes द्वित्वम्.
  10. 6.1.10 श्लौ When a प्रत्यय is removed using the word श्लु, अङ्ग which is not yet duplicated is duplicated.
  11. 6.1.11 चङि When followed by the चङ्-प्रत्यय, a verb root that have not yet undergone द्वित्वम् undergoes द्वित्वम्.
  12. 6.1.12 दाश्वान् साह्वान् मीढ्वांश्च The participles दाश्वाम् , साह्वान् , and मीढ्वान् are irregularly formed without reduplication.
  13. 6.1.13 ष्यङः सम्प्रसारणं पुत्रपत्योस्तत्पुरुषे There is vocalisation of the semi-vowel य् of the affix ष्यङ् (4.1.78) when followed in a तत्-पुरुष compound, by the words पुत्र and पति.
  14. 6.1.14 बन्धुनि बहुव्रीहौ There is vocalisation of the affix ष्यङ् (4.1.78) when the word बन्धु follows in a बहुव्रीही compound.
  15. 6.1.15 वचिस्वपियजादीनां किति The semi-vowels of the roots वच् , स्वप् , and यजादि verbs are vocalised when followed by an affix having an indicatory क.
  16. 6.1.16 ग्रहिज्यावयिव्यधिवष्टिविचतिवृश्चतिपृच्छतिभृज्जतीनां ङिति च There is vocalisation of the semi-vowels of the following verbs, when an affix having an indicatory क् or ङ् follows - ग्रह 'to take', ज्या 'to become old', वेञ् 'to weave', व्यध 'to strike', वश 'to shine', व्यच 'to deceive', व्रश्च 'to cut', प्रच्छ 'to ask' and भ्रस्ज 'to cook, to fry'.
  17. 6.1.17 लिट्यभ्यासस्योभयेषाम् There takes place a vocalisation of the semi-vowels of the reduplicate (अभ्यास) of both वाच्यादि (6.1.15) and ग्रहादि (6.1.16) words, when affixes of लिट् follow.
  18. 6.1.18 स्वापेश्चङि Of the causative verb स्वपि 'to cause one to sleep', there is vocalisation of the semi-vowel, when the affix चङ् of the Reduplicated Aorist follows.
  19. 6.1.19 स्वपिस्यमिव्येञां यङि There is vocalisation of the semi-vowel, of the verbs स्वप् 'to sleep', स्यम् 'to shout' and व्ये 'to cover', when followed by the affix यङ् of the Intensive.
  20. 6.1.20 न वशः There is not vocalisation of the semi-vowel of वश्, when the affix यङ् follows.
  21. 6.1.21 चायः की The verb की is substituted for the verb चायृ 'to worship, to observe', when the Intensive affix यङ् follows.
  22. 6.1.22 स्फायः स्फी निष्ठायाम् The स्फी is the substitute of स्फाय 'to swell', the निष्ठा affixes follow.
  23. 6.1.23 स्त्यः प्रपूर्वस्य The verb स्त्या (स्त्यै and ष्ठ्यै) when preceded by प्र changes its semi-vowel to a vowel, when a निष्ठ affix follows.
  24. 6.1.24 द्रवमूर्तिस्पर्शयोः श्यः There is vocalisation of the semi-vowel of the root श्या (श्यै) 'to go' when the निष्ठा affix follows, when the sense is 'coagulation' or 'cold to touch'.
  25. 6.1.25 प्रतेश्च There is vocalisation of श्या preceded by the उपसर्ग प्रति , when the निष्ठा affixes follow.
  26. 6.1.26 विभाषाऽभ्यवपूर्वस्य There is optionally the vocalisation of the श्या followed by निष्ठा affixes, when the उपसर्गs अभि and अव precede it.
  27. 6.1.27 शृतं पाके Optionally शृत is formed in the sense of 'cooked', by the vocalisation of the semi-vowel of आ before the निष्ठा affix क्त.
  28. 6.1.28 प्यायः पी पी is optionally the substitute of the root प्याय् 'to increase' before the निष्ठा affixes.
  29. 6.1.29 लिड्यङोश्च There is substitution of पी for प्याय् when the affixes of the Perfect (लिट्) and the Intensive (यङ्) follow.
  30. 6.1.30 विभाषा श्वेः There is optionally the vocalisation of the semi-vowel श्वि before the affixes of the Perfect and the Intensive.
  31. 6.1.31 णौ च संश्चङोः There is optionally the vocalisation of the semi-vowel, in the causative of श्वि , when followed by the Desiderative सन् and the Aorist चङ् affix.
  32. 6.1.32 ह्वः सम्प्रसारणम् There is the vocalisation of the semi-vowel of the causative of ह्वे before the Desiderative and the Reduplicated Aorist affixes.
  33. 6.1.33 अभ्यस्तस्य च There is vocalisation of the semi-vowel of ह्वा in the reduplicated form, in both the syllables.
  34. 6.1.34 बहुलं छन्दसि In the छन्दस् , the semi-vowel of this root is diversely vocalised.
  35. 6.1.35 चायः की For चाय् is diversely substituted की in the छन्दस्.
  36. 6.1.36 अपस्पृधेथामानृचुरानृहुश्चिच्युषेतित्याजश्राताःश्रितमाशीराशीर्त्ताः In the छन्दस् the following irregular forms are met with - अस्पृधेथाम् , आनृचुः , आनृहुः , चिच्युषे , तित्याज , श्राताः , श्रितम् , आशीः , आशीर्त्तः.
  37. 6.1.37 न सम्प्रसारणे सम्प्रसारणम् When a semi-vowel base has been vocalised, there is no vocalisation of the other semi-vowel that may precede it in the same word.
  38. 6.1.38 लिटि वयो यः In the substituted root वय (2.4.41), the य in the Perfect is not vocalised.
  39. 6.1.39 वश्चास्यान्यतरस्याम् किति Before the tense-affixes of the Perfect that have an indicatory क (1.2.5), for the य् of वय् may optionally be substituted a व्.
  40. 6.1.40 वेञः The semi-vowel of वे 'to weave' is not vocalised in the Perfect.
  41. 6.1.41 ल्यपि च The semi-vowel of वे 'to weave' is not vocalised in the Participial affix ल्यप् follows.
  42. 6.1.42 ज्यश्च The semi-vowel of ज्या 'to grow old' is not vocalised when the affix ल्यप् follows.
  43. 6.1.43 व्यश्च The semi-vowel of व्या (व्ये) 'to cover' is not vocalised when the affix ल्यप् follows.
  44. 6.1.44 विभाषा परेः The vocalisation may optionally take place when व्ये preceded by परि takes the affix ल्यप्.
  45. 6.1.45 आदेच उपदेशेऽशिति In a root, which in the system of grammatical instruction (i.e. the धातुपाठ), ends with a diphthong (ए , ऐ , ओ, औ), there is the substitution of आ for the diphthong, provided that no affix with an indicatory श् follows it.
  46. 6.1.46 न व्यो लिटि There is not the substitution of आ for the diphthong of the root व्ये when the affixes of the Perfect follow.
  47. 6.1.47 स्फुरतिस्फुलत्योर्घञि In the roots स्फुर् and स्फुल् 'to move', there is the substitution of the आ for the diphthong when the affix घञ् follows.
  48. 6.1.48 क्रीङ्जीनां णौ The substitution of आ for the diphthong takes place in the causatives of the roots क्री 'to buy, to purchase', इ 'to study' and जि 'to conquer'.
  49. 6.1.49 सिध्यतेरपारलौकिके The substitution of आ takes for the diphthong in the causative of सिध् , when it does not refer to the next life.
  50. 6.1.50 मीनातिमिनोतिदीङां ल्यपि च And there is substitution of आ for the finals of मी 'to hurt', मि 'to scatter' and दी 'to decay' when the affix ल्यप् follows, as well as before those affixes which demand this substitution for the diphthong.
  51. 6.1.51 विभाषा लीयतेः There is optionally the substitution of आ for the final of ली 'to adhere', in the धातुपाठ , when the affix ल्यप् follows or such an affix as would demand this substitution of the diphthong.
  52. 6.1.52 खिदेश्छन्दसि There is optionally the substitution of आ in the room of the diphthong of the verb खिद् 'to suffer pain', in the छन्दस्.
  53. 6.1.53 अपगुरो णमुलि There is optionally the substitution of आ in the room of the diphthong of the root गुर् 'to exert' when preceded by the preposition अप and taking the affix णमुल्.
  54. 6.1.54 चिस्फुरोर्णौ There is optionally the substitution of आ in the room of the diphthong of the roots चि and स्फुर् when in the Causative.
  55. 6.1.55 प्रजने वीयतेः There is optionally the substitution of आ in the room of the diphthong of the root वी in the causative, when meaning 'to conceive an embryo'.
  56. 6.1.56 बिभेतेर्हेतुभये There is optionally the substitution of आ in the room of the diphthong of the root भी 'to fear' in the causative, when the fear is produced directly through the agent of the causative.
  57. 6.1.57 नित्यं स्मयतेः There is invariably the substitution of आ for the diphthong of the root स्मि 'to smile' in the causative, when the astonishment is produced directly through the agent of the causative.
  58. 6.1.58 सृजिदृशोर्झल्यमकिति The augment अम् (अ) comes after the ऋ or सृज् 'to create' and दृश् 'to see', when an affix beginning with a झल् letter (the Mute and the Sibilant) follows: provided that it has no indicatory क.
  59. 6.1.59 अनुदात्तस्य चर्दुपधस्यान्यतरस्याम् The augment अम् (अ) augment comes optionally after the ऋ of those roots which are exhibited in the धातुपाठ as अनुदात्त , when such roots end in a consonant having a ऋ has penultimate and are followed by an affix beginning with a mute or sibilant and not having an indicatory क.
  60. 6.1.60 शीर्षंश्छन्दसि The word शीर्षन् 'head', is found in छन्दस्.
  61. 6.1.61 ये च तद्धिते There is the substitution of this stem शीर्षन् for शिरस् when a तद्धित-affix beginning with य follows.
  62. 6.1.62 अचि शीर्षः There is the substitution of शीर्ष for शीरस् when a तद्धित-affix beginning with a vowel follows.
  63. 6.1.63 पद्दन्नोमास्हृन्निशसन्यूषन्दोषन्यकञ्छकन्नुदन्नासञ्छस्प्रभृतिषु The आदेशाs पद्,दत्,नस्, मास्, हृत्, निश्, असन्, यूषन्, दोषन्, यकन्, शकन्, उदन्, आसन् are created (to the appropriate words) in presence शस् and other विभक्तिs from तृतीया onwards.
  64. 6.1.64 धात्वादेः षः सः A षकार present at the beginning of औपदेशिक form of a धातु is converted to सकार.
  65. 6.1.65 णो नः A णकार present at the beginning of औपदेशिक form of a धातु is converted to नकार.
  66. 6.1.66 लोपो व्योर्वलि A वकार and a यकार are deleted when followed by a letter of the वल् प्रत्याहार.
  67. 6.1.67 वेरपृक्तस्य The प्रत्यय 'वि' is removed when it appears अपृक्त.
  68. 6.1.68 हल्ङ्याब्भ्यो दीर्घात् सुतिस्यपृक्तं हल् The सुँ, ति, or सि प्रत्यय, when present as a single letter, is removed when attached to - (1) a word ending in a हल् letter, or (2) A दीर्घ word ending in the ङीप् / ङीष् / ङीन् / चाप् / टाप् / डाप् प्रत्यय.
  69. 6.1.69 एङ्ह्रस्वात् सम्बुद्धेः The हल् letter that belongs to a सम्बुद्धिप्रत्यय attached to एङन्त or ह्रस्वान्त word is removed.
  70. 6.1.70 शेश्छन्दसि बहुलम् In वेदाः, 'शि' is seen removed at some places.
  71. 6.1.71 ह्रस्वस्य पिति कृति तुक् A ह्रस्व letter that is followed by a कृत्-प्रत्यय that is पित् gets a तुगागम.
  72. 6.1.72 संहितायाम् This is an अधिकार that runs till पारस्करप्रभृतीनि च संज्ञायाम् (6.1.157). Anything told in this अधिकार happens only in the context of संहिता. adhikāra
  73. 6.1.73 छे च A ह्रस्व स्वर gets a तुक्-आगमः when followed by a छकार, in the context of संहिता.
  74. 6.1.74 आङ्माङोश्च The words आङ् and माङ् get a तुक्-आगम when followed by a छकार, in the context of संहिता.
  75. 6.1.75 दीर्घात् A दीर्घ स्वर gets a तुक्-आगमः when followed by a छकार, in the context of संहिता.
  76. 6.1.76 पदान्ताद्वा A दीर्घ स्वर at end of a पद gets optional तुक्-आगमः when followed by a छकार, in the context of संहिता.
  77. 6.1.77 इको यणचि An इक् letter which is followed by a स्वर is converted to a corresponding यण् letter in the context of संहिता.
  78. 6.1.78 एचोऽयवायावः When followed by a स्वर, the letters of the एच् प्रत्याहार are respectively converted to अय्, अव्, आय् and आव् in the context of संहिता.
  79. 6.1.79 वान्तो यि प्रत्यये An ओकार and an औकार are respectively converted to अव् and आव् when followed by a यकारादि प्रत्यय, in the context of संहिता.
  80. 6.1.80 धातोस्तन्निमित्तस्यैव In the context of संहिता, the ओकार/औकार at the end of a धातु, when followed by यकारादि-प्रत्यय, is converted to अव् / आव् only if that ओकार/औकार is generated by that यकारादिप्रत्यय itself.
  81. 6.1.81 क्षय्यजय्यौ शक्यार्थे The words क्षय्य and जय्य are considered to be derived, in the meaning of (respectively) 'the one that is capable of being destroyed' and 'the one that is capable of being won over'.
  82. 6.1.82 क्रय्यस्तदर्थे The words क्रय्य is considered to be derived, in the meaning of 'the one that can be purchased'.
  83. 6.1.83 भय्यप्रवय्ये च च्छन्दसि In the context of Vedas, the words भय्य (the one from which somebody is afraid) and the word प्रवय्या (= a female being impregnated) are seen used (and should thus be considered derived).
  84. 6.1.84 एकः पूर्वपरयोः This is an अधिकार that runs till ऋतः उत् (6.1.111). Any आदेश told in this अधिकार should be understood as combined आदेश done on the participating entities. adhikāra
  85. 6.1.85 अन्तादिवच्च The एकादेश told in the एकः पूर्वपरयोः अधिकार acts like the last letter of the पूर्वशब्द as well as the first letter of the परशब्द. atideśa
  86. 6.1.86 षत्वतुकोरसिद्धः The एकादेश mentioned under the एकः पूर्वपरयोः अधिकार should be considered असिद्ध while doing षत्वम् or a तुक् आगम.
  87. 6.1.87 आद्गुणः When an अवर्ण is followed by an अच् letter in the context of संहिता, both of them are replaced by a single गुण letter
  88. 6.1.88 वृद्धिरेचि When an अवर्ण is followed by an एच् letter in the context of संहिता, both of them are replaced by a single वृद्धि letter.
  89. 6.1.89 एत्येधत्यूठ्सु In the context of संहिता, When an अवर्ण followed by the एच् letter of the इण् धातु or एध् धातु, or the word ऊठ् ; both of them are replaced by a single वृद्धि letter.
  90. 6.1.90 आटश्च When the आट्-आगम is followed by a अच्-letter, both of them are replaced by a single वृद्धि letter.
  91. 6.1.91 उपसर्गादृति धातौ When an अवर्णान्त उपसर्ग is followed by a ऋकारादि verb form, both of them are replaced by a single वृद्धि letter.
  92. 6.1.92 वा सुप्यापिशलेः When an अवर्णान्त उपसर्ग is followed by a ऋकारादि सुब्धातु, both of them are optionally replaced by a single वृद्धि letter.
  93. 6.1.93 औतोऽम्शसोः When an ओकार is followed by the अम्-प्रत्यय or the शस्-प्रत्यय, both the letters are replaced by single आकार.
  94. 6.1.94 एङि पररूपम् When an अवर्णान्त उपसर्ग is followed by a एकारादि or ओकारादि verb form, both the letters are replaced by a single पररूप.
  95. 6.1.95 ओमाङोश्च In the context of संहिता, When अवर्ण is followed by the word ओम् or the word आङ् , both the letters are replaced by a single पररूप.
  96. 6.1.96 उस्यपदान्तात् In the context of संहिता, ऌhen a अवर्ण not occurring at end of a पद is followed by the word 'उस्', both of them are replaced by a single पररूप.
  97. 6.1.97 अतो गुणे In the context of संहिता, when an अपदान्त अकार is followed by a गुण letter, both of them are replaced by a single पररूप.
  98. 6.1.98 अव्यक्तानुकरणस्यात इतौ In the context of संहिता, When a word which is used to imitate some abstract sound and which ends is the phrase 'अत्' is followed by the word 'इति', then the 'अत्' of the previous word and the इ of इति are combined to form a पररूप-एकादेश.
  99. 6.1.99 नाम्रेडितस्यान्त्यस्य तु वा When a word which is used to imitate some abstract sound and which ends is the phrase 'अत्' and which is also an आम्रेडितसंज्ञक is followed by the word 'इति', then the 'अत्' of the previous word and the इ of इति are not combined as mentioned in the previous rule 'अव्यक्तानुकरणस्यात इतौ'. Instead, the त् and इ optionally combine to form a पररूप-एकादेश.
  100. 6.1.100 नित्यमाम्रेडिते डाचि When a word which is used to imitate some abstract sound and which ends is the phrase 'त्' is followed by an आम्रेडितसंज्ञक which is further followed by the pratyay डाच्, then the 'त्' of the first word and the first letter of the आम्रेडितसंज्ञक are combined to form a पररूप-एकादेश.
  101. 6.1.101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः In the context of संहिता, when an अक् letter is followed by a सवर्ण अच् letter, both of them are replaced by a दीर्घ-एकादेश.
  102. 6.1.102 प्रथमयोः पूर्वसवर्णः When a letter from the अक् प्रत्याहार is followed by an अजादि प्रत्यय of प्रथमा or द्वितीया विभक्ति, then पूर्व and the पर letters are replaced by a single पूर्वसवर्णदीर्घ.
  103. 6.1.103 तस्माच्छसो नः पुंसि When the rule 'प्रथमयोः पूर्वसवर्णः' is used to create a पूर्वसवर्णदीर्घ for a पुंलिङ्ग word in presence of the शस्-प्रत्यय, then the सकार of the शस्-प्रत्यय is converted to नकार.
  104. 6.1.104 नादिचि When अकार / आकार is followed by a प्रत्यय of प्रथमा or द्वितीया विभक्ति that begins with a letter of इच्-प्रत्याहार, then the पूर्वसवर्णदीर्घ given by 'प्रथमयोः पूर्वसवर्णः' does not happen.
  105. 6.1.105 दीर्घाज्जसि च When दीर्घस्वर is followed by either the जस्-प्रत्यय, or a प्रत्यय of प्रथमा or द्वितीया विभक्ति that begins with a letter of इच्-प्रत्याहार, then the पूर्वसवर्णदीर्घ mandated by 'प्रथमयोः पूर्वसवर्णः' does not happen.
  106. 6.1.106 वा छन्दसि The पूर्वसवर्णदीर्घनिषेध given by the sutra 'दीर्घाज्जसि च' is optional while deriving the Vedic forms.
  107. 6.1.107 अमि पूर्वः When a letter from the अक् प्रत्याहार is followed अकार of the अम्-प्रत्यय, both the letters are combined to form a पूर्वरूप-एकादेश.
  108. 6.1.108 सम्प्रसारणाच्च When a letter having the sanjna सम्प्रसारण is followed by an अच् letter, both of them are combined to form a पूर्वरूप-एकादेश.
  109. 6.1.109 एङः पदान्तादति If a पदान्त ए / ओ letter is followed by a ह्रस्व अकार, then both of them combine to form a पूर्वरूप एकादेश.
  110. 6.1.110 ङसिङसोश्च If an एकार or ओकार is followed by the अकार of ङसिँ or ङस् प्रत्यय, then both of them combined to form a पूर्वरूप एकादेश.
  111. 6.1.111 ऋत उत् If a ऋकार or ऌकार is followed by the अकार of ङसिँ or ङस् प्रत्यय, then both of them combined to form an उकार.
  112. 6.1.112 ख्यत्यात् परस्य The अकार of the ङसिँ/ङस् प्रत्यय following a 'ख्य्' / 'त्य्' is converted to उकार.
  113. 6.1.113 अतो रोरप्लुतादप्लुते A रुँ letter that is sandwiched between an अप्लुत-ह्रस्व-अकार from each side is converted to an उकार.
  114. 6.1.114 हशि च A रुँ letter that follows an अप्लुत-ह्रस्व-अकार and is followed by a हश् letter is converted to an उकार.
  115. 6.1.115 प्रकृत्याऽन्तःपादमव्यपरे The final ए or ओ and the following अ when occurring in the middle half of a foot of a Vedic verse, retain their original forms, except when the अ is followed by ख् or य्.
  116. 6.1.116 अव्यादवद्यादवक्रमुरव्रतायमवन्त्ववस्युषु च The ए or ओ retain their original form in the middle of a Vedic verse, when the following words come after them (though the अ in these has a व् and य् following it) - अव्यात् , अवद्यात् , अवक्रमुः , अव्रत , अवन्तु , अवस्यु.
  117. 6.1.117 यजुष्युरः In the यजुर्वेद , the word उरस् when changed to उरो , retains it original form when followed by a short अ which is also retained.
  118. 6.1.118 आपोजुषाणोवृष्णोवर्षिष्ठेऽम्बेऽम्बालेऽम्बिकेपूर्वे In the यजुर्वेद , the short अ is retained after आपो , जुषाणो , वृष्णो , वर्षिष्ठे and also in and after अम्बे or अम्बाले when they stand before अम्बिके.
  119. 6.1.119 अङ्ग इत्यादौ च In the यजुर्वेद , when the word अङ्गे is followed by अङ्गे , the subsequent short अ is retained, as well as the preceding ए or ओ.
  120. 6.1.120 अनुदात्ते च कुधपरे In the यजुर्वेद , when an अनुदात्त अ is followed by a Guttural or a ध, the antecedent ए or ओ retains it s form, as well as this subsequent अ.
  121. 6.1.121 अवपथासि च In the यजुर्वेद , when the gravely accented अ of अवपथास् follows ए or ओ , the vowels retain their original form.
  122. 6.1.122 सर्वत्र विभाषा गोः In the context of संहिता, an ओकार occurring at the end of the पदसंज्ञक गो शब्द exhibits optional प्रकृतिभाव when followed by a ह्रस्व अकार.
  123. 6.1.123 अवङ् स्फोटायनस्य In the context of संहिता, The पदसंज्ञक गो word when followed by a स्वर gets an अवङ् आदेश optionally.
  124. 6.1.124 इन्द्रे च In the context of संहिता, The word गो when followed by the word इन्द्र gets the अवङ्-आदेश.
  125. 6.1.125 प्लुतप्रगृह्या अचि नित्यम् प्लुत letters and प्रगृह्य words do not undergo a सन्धि when followed by an अच्-letter, even when there is संहिता.
  126. 6.1.126 आङोऽनुनासिकश्छन्दसि In the context of संहिता and in the derivation of the वैदिक forms, when आङ् is followed by an अच् letter, आङ् becomes अनुनासिक and does not undergo sandhi with the अच् letter.
  127. 6.1.127 इकोऽसवर्णे शाकल्यस्य ह्रस्वश्च According to शाकल्य, In the context of संहिता a पदान्त-इक्-letter, when followed by an असवर्ण अच्-letter undergoes ह्रस्वादेशः and then no other sandhi happens.
  128. 6.1.128 ऋत्यकः According to शाकल्य, In the context of संहिता a पदान्त-अक्-letter, when followed by a ह्रस्व ऋ/ऌ-letter undergoes ह्रस्वादेशः and then no other sandhi happens.
  129. 6.1.129 अप्लुतवदुपस्थिते When followed by an अवैदिक 'इति' word, a प्लुत behaves as if it is not प्लुत in the context of संहिता. atideśa
  130. 6.1.130 ई३ चाक्रवर्मणस्य According to चाक्रवर्मण, the प्लुतः ईकारः behaves as if it is not प्लुत when followed by an अच्-letter in the context of संहिता.
  131. 6.1.131 दिव उत् The 'दिव्' word that is a पद also gets the उत्-आदेश.
  132. 6.1.132 एतत्तदोः सुलोपोऽकोरनञ्समासे हलि Except for the नञ् समास, when a form of एतद्/तद् word which does not contain a ककार is followed by a सुँ-प्रत्यय which in turn is followed by a व्यञ्जन. the सुँ-प्रत्यय gets removed in the context of संहिता.
  133. 6.1.133 स्यश्छन्दसि बहुलम् In the derivation of the Vedic words, the सुँ-प्रत्यय attached to the प्रथमा-एकवचन of the word त्यद् might or might not be removed when followed by a हल् in the context of संहिता.
  134. 6.1.134 सोऽचि लोपे चेत् पादपूरणम् The सुँ-प्रत्यय of सः gets removed when followed by an अच्, provided that (only) by doing so, the पाद can be completed.
  135. 6.1.135 सुट् कात् पूर्वः Up to (6.1.157) inclusive, the following sentence is to be supplied in every aphorism - 'before क is added स्'. adhikāra
  136. 6.1.136 अडभ्यासव्यवायेऽपि The augment सुट् is placed before क even when the augment अट् (6.4.71) or the Reduplicate intervenes (between the preposition and the verb).
  137. 6.1.137 सम्पर्युपेभ्यः करोतौ भूषणे The augment सुट् is placed before क when सम् , परि , and उप are followed by the verb कृ and the sense is that of ornamenting.
  138. 6.1.138 समवाये च The augment सुट् is placed before क even when सम् , परि , and उप are followed by the verb कृ and the sense being that of combining.
  139. 6.1.139 उपात् प्रतियत्नवैकृतवाक्याध्याहारेषु The augment सुट् is placed before क , when the verb कृ comes after उप , and the sense is that of 'to take pains for something, to prepare, and to supply and ellipses in a discourse'.
  140. 6.1.140 किरतौ लवने The augment सुट् is placed before क , when the verb कृ comes after उप , and the sense is that of 'to cut or to split'.
  141. 6.1.141 हिंसायां प्रतेश्च The augment सुट् is placed before क , when the verb कृ comes after उप and प्रति and the sense 'to cause suffering'.
  142. 6.1.142 अपाच्चतुष्पाच्छकुनिष्वालेखने The augment सुट् is placed before क , when the verb कृ comes after अप and the sense is 'the scraping of earth by four-footed animals or birds'.
  143. 6.1.143 कुस्तुम्बुरूणि जातिः The word कुस्तुम्बुरु is irregularly, formed with the augment सुट् and means 'a species of herb'.
  144. 6.1.144 अपरस्पराः क्रियासातत्ये The word अपस्पराः is formed by the augment सुट् when the sense is that of 'uninterrupted action'.
  145. 6.1.145 गोष्पदं सेवितासेवितप्रमाणेषु The word गोष्पद is formed by सुट् , when meaning a locality visited or not visited by cows, or when it means quantity.
  146. 6.1.146 आस्पदं प्रतिष्ठायाम् The word आस्पद is formed by सुट् when meaning 'a place or position'.
  147. 6.1.147 आश्चर्यमनित्ये The word आशचर्य is formed by सुट् when meaning something 'unusual'.
  148. 6.1.148 वर्चस्केऽवस्करः The word अवस्कर is formed by सुट् meaning 'excrement'.
  149. 6.1.149 अपस्करो रथाङ्गम् The word अपस्कर is formed by सुट् meaning 'the part of a chariot'.
  150. 6.1.150 विष्किरः शकुनौ वा The word विषिकर is formed with सुट् optionally when denoting a kind of bird, the other form being विकार.
  151. 6.1.151 ह्रस्वाच्चन्द्रोत्तरपदे मन्त्रे In a मन्त्र , the सुट् is added to चन्द्र when it is second member in a compound and is preceded by a short vowel.
  152. 6.1.152 प्रतिष्कशश्च कशेः To the root कश् 'to go, to punish', is added the augment सुट् , when preceded by the preposition प्रति , the form being प्रतिष्कशः.
  153. 6.1.153 प्रस्कण्वहरिश्चन्द्रावृषी The words प्रस्कण्व and हरिश्चन्द्र are formed by सुट् meaning the two Rishis of that name.
  154. 6.1.154 मस्करमस्करिणौ वेणुपरिव्राजकयोः The word मस्कर means 'a bamboo', and मस्करिन् means 'a medicant monk'.
  155. 6.1.155 कास्तीराजस्तुन्दे नगरे The words कास्तर and अजस्तुन्द are names of cities.
  156. 6.1.156 कारस्करो वृक्षः The word कारस्कर means 'a tree'.
  157. 6.1.157 पारस्करप्रभृतीनि च संज्ञायाम् The words पारस्कर etc. are Names.
  158. 6.1.158 अनुदात्तं पदमेकवर्जम् A word is, with the exception of one syllable, unaccented. paribhāṣā
  159. 6.1.159 कर्षात्वतो घञोऽन्त उदात्तः A stem formed with the कृत-affix घञ् has the acute accent on the end-syllable, if it is formed from the root कृष् (कर्षति) or has a long आ in it.
  160. 6.1.160 उञ्छादीनां च The words उच्छ etc. have acute accent on the last syllable.
  161. 6.1.161 अनुदात्तस्य च यत्रोदात्तलोपः An unaccented vowel gets also the acute accent, when on account of it preceding acute is elided.
  162. 6.1.162 धातोः A root has the acute on the end syllable.
  163. 6.1.163 चितः The word ending in चित्-प्रत्यय becomes अन्तोदात्त.
  164. 6.1.164 तद्धितस्य The word ending in a तद्धितसंज्ञक चित्-प्रत्यय become अन्तोदात्त.
  165. 6.1.165 कितः The word ending in a तद्धितसंज्ञक कित्-प्रत्यय become अन्तोदात्त.
  166. 6.1.166 तिसृभ्यो जसः The Nominative Plural (जस्) of तिस् has acute accent on the last syllable.
  167. 6.1.167 चतुरः शसि The word चतुर् , followed by the Accusative Plural, has acute accent on the last syllable.
  168. 6.1.168 सावेकाचस्तृतीयादिर्विभक्तिः The case affixes of the Instrumental and of the cases that follow it have the acute accent, if the stem in the Locative Plural is monosyllabic.
  169. 6.1.169 अन्तोदात्तादुत्तरपदादन्यतरस्यामनित्यसमासे The same case endings may optionally have the acute accent, if the monosyllabic word stands at the end of a compound, and has acute accent on the final, when the compound can be easily unloosened.
  170. 6.1.170 अञ्चेश्छन्दस्यसर्वनामस्थानम् In the छन्दस् , the case-endings other than the सर्वनामस्थान , get the acute accent when coming after अञ्चि.
  171. 6.1.171 ऊडिदम्पदाद्यप्पुम्रैद्युभ्यः The same (असर्वनामस्थान) case-endings have the acute accent, when the stem ends in वाह् , also after इदम् after पद् etc. (up to (6.1.63)) after अप , पुंस् , रै and दिव्.
  172. 6.1.172 अष्टनो दीर्घात् The असर्वनामस्थान case-endings after अष्टन् 'eight', have acute accent, when it gets the form अष्टा.
  173. 6.1.173 शतुरनुमो नद्यजादी After an oxytone Particle in अत् the feminine suffix ई , (नदि) and the case endings beginning with vowels (with the exception of strong cases) have acute accent, when the participial affix has not the augment न् (i.e. is not अन्त).
  174. 6.1.174 उदात्तयणो हल्पूर्वात् The same endings have the acute accent, when for the acutely accented final vowel of the stem, a semi-vowel is substituted, and which is preceded by a consonant.
  175. 6.1.175 नोङ्धात्वोः But not so, when the vowel is of the feminine affix ऊ (4.1.66), or the final of a root.
  176. 6.1.176 ह्रस्वनुड्भ्यां मतुप् The otherwise unaccented मत् (वत्) takes the acute accent, when an oxytoned stem ends in a light vowel, or the affix has before it the augment न् (8.2.16).
  177. 6.1.177 नामन्यतरस्याम् After an oxytoned stem which ends in a light vowel, the genitive ending नाम् has optionally the acute accent.
  178. 6.1.178 ङ्याश्छन्दसि बहुलम् In the छन्दस , the ending नाम् has diversely the acute accent after the feminine affix ई.
  179. 6.1.179 षट्त्रिचतुर्भ्यो हलादिः The case-endings beginning with a consonant, have the acute accent after the Numerals called षट् (1.1.24), as well as after त्रि and चतुर् .
  180. 6.1.180 झल्युपोत्तमम् The above numerals, when taking a case-affix beginning with a भस् or स् , get the acute accent on the penultimate syllable, when the said numerals assume a form consisting of three or more syllables.
  181. 6.1.181 विभाषा भाषायाम् In the Secular language this is optional.
  182. 6.1.182 न गोश्वन्त्साववर्णराडङ्क्रुङ्कृद्भ्यः The foregoing rules from (6.1.168) downwards have no applicability after गो , and श्वन् and words ending in them; nor after a stem which before the case ending of the Nominative Singular has अ or आ , nor after रज् , or after a stem ending in अञ्च् , nor as well as after कुञ्च् and कृत्.
  183. 6.1.183 दिवो झल् After दिव् a case-ending beginning with भ or स is unaccented.
  184. 6.1.184 नृ चान्यतरस्याम् After नृ , a case-ending beginning with भ or स is optionally unaccented.
  185. 6.1.185 तित्स्वरितम् The first स्वर of a तित् प्रत्यय becomes स्वरित.
  186. 6.1.186 तास्यनुदात्तेन्ङिददुपदेशाल्लसार्वधातुकमनुदात्तमह्न्विङोः The Personal-endings and their substitutes (3.2.124)-126 are, when they are सार्वधातुक (3.4.113) etc., unaccented after the characteristic of the Periphrastic Future (तासि) after a root which in the धातुपाठ has an unaccented vowel or a ङ् (with the exception of ह्नुङ् and इङ्) as indicatory letter, as well as after what has a final अ in the Grammatical System of Instruction (उपदेश).
  187. 6.1.187 आदिः सिचोऽन्यतरस्याम् The सिच् Aorist, the first syllable may optionally have the acute accent.
  188. 6.1.188 स्वपादिहिंसामच्यनिटि The acute accent is optionally on the first syllable when a Personal-ending, being सार्वधातुक tense affix beginning with a vowel, provided that the vowel is not the augment इट् , follows after स्वप् etc., or after हिंस्.
  189. 6.1.189 अभ्यस्तानामादिः The acute accent falls on the first syllable of the reduplicate verbs when followed by an affix beginning with a vowel (the vowel being not नुट्) and being a सार्वधातुक Personal-ending.
  190. 6.1.190 अनुदात्ते च Also when the unaccented endings of the three persons in the singular follow, the first syllable of the reduplicate has the acute.
  191. 6.1.191 सर्वस्य सुपि The acute is on the first syllable of सर्व when the case-endings follow.
  192. 6.1.192 भीह्रीभृहुमदजनधनदरिद्राजागरां प्रत्ययात् पूर्वम् पिति In भी , ह्री , भृ , हु , मद् , जन् , धन् , दरिद्रा and जागृ , and in their reduplicates, the acute accent is, before the सार्वधातुक unaccented endings of the three persons in singular, (पित्), on the syllable which precedes the affix.
  193. 6.1.193 लिति For the प्रकृति-प्रत्यय-समुदाय that ends in a लित्-प्रत्यय, the स्वर that comes before the प्रत्यय becomes उदात्त.
  194. 6.1.194 आदिर्णमुल्यन्यतरस्याम् The first syllable may be optionally acute when the absolutive affix णमुल् follows.
  195. 6.1.195 अचः कर्तृयकि The roots which are exhibited in धातुपाठ with a final vowel, may be optionally have the acute on the first syllable, before the affixes of the Passive (यक्), when the sense of the verb is Reflexive.
  196. 6.1.196 थलि च सेटीडन्तो वा Before the ending थ of the Perfect, Second Person Singular, when this ending takes the augment इ ; the acute accent falls either on the first syllable, or on this इ , or on the personal ending.
  197. 6.1.197 ञ्नित्यादिर्नित्यम् The word ending in a ञित् or a नित् प्रत्यय become आद्युदात्त.
  198. 6.1.198 आमन्त्रितस्य च The first syllable of a Vocative gets the acute accent.
  199. 6.1.199 पथिमथोः सर्वनामस्थाने The acute accent is on the first syllable of पथिन् and मथिन् when followed by a strong case-ending.
  200. 6.1.200 अन्तश्च तवै युगपत् The Infinitive in तवै has the acute on the first syllable and on the last syllable at one and the same time.
  201. 6.1.201 क्षयो निवासे The word क्षय has the acute on the first syllable and on the last syllable at one and the same time.
  202. 6.1.202 जयः करणम् The acute accent falls on the first syllable of जय , in the sense of 'whereby one attains victory'.
  203. 6.1.203 वृषादीनां च The words वृष etc. have the acute on the first syllable.
  204. 6.1.204 संज्ञायामुपमानम् The acute accent falls on the first syllable of that word with which something is likened, provided that it is a name.
  205. 6.1.205 निष्ठा च द्व्यजनात् A disyllabic Participle in त (निष्ठा) when a Name has the acute on the first syllable, but not if the first syllable has an आ.
  206. 6.1.206 शुष्कधृष्टौ Also शुष्क and धृष्ट have acute on the first syllable.
  207. 6.1.207 आशितः कर्ता The word आशित meaning 'having eaten' has acute on the first syllable.
  208. 6.1.208 रिक्ते विभाषा The word रिक्त may have optionally the acute on the first syllable.
  209. 6.1.209 जुष्टार्पिते च छन्दसि In the छन्दस , the words जुष्ट and अर्पित have optionally the acute on the first syllable.
  210. 6.1.210 नित्यं मन्त्रे In the मन्त्राः , these words जुष्ट and अर्पित have always the acute on the first syllable.
  211. 6.1.211 युष्मदस्मदोर्ङसि The acute accent is on the first syllable of युष्मद् and अस्मद् in the Genitive Singular.
  212. 6.1.212 ङयि च The acute accent is on the first syllable of युष्मद् and अस्मद् in the Dative Singular.
  213. 6.1.213 यतोऽनावः Whatever is formed by the affix यत् , has, if it is a disyllabic word, the acute on the first syllable, with the exception of नाव्यः from नौ.
  214. 6.1.214 ईडवन्दवृशंसदुहां ण्यतः The acute accent is on the first syllable of ईड् , वन्द , वृ , शंस् and दुह् , when they are followed by the affix ण्यत्.
  215. 6.1.215 विभाषा वेण्विन्धानयोः The acute accent is optionally on the first syllable of वेणु and इन्धान.
  216. 6.1.216 त्यागरागहासकुहश्वठक्रथानाम् The acute accent is optionally on the first syllables of त्याग , राग , हास , कुह , श्वठ , and क्रथ.
  217. 6.1.217 उपोत्तमं रिति The second last स्वर of the प्रकृति-प्रत्यय-समुदाय that ends in a रित् प्रत्यय becomes उदात्त.
  218. 6.1.218 चङ्यन्यतरस्याम् The acute accent may be optionally on the penultimate syllable of the reduplicated Aorist in चङ् , the word consisting of more than two syllables.
  219. 6.1.219 मतोः पूर्वमात् संज्ञायां स्त्रियाम् The आ before the affix मत् has the acute accent, when the word is a name in the Feminine Gender.
  220. 6.1.220 अन्तोऽवत्याः The Names ending in अवति have the acute accent on the last syllable.
  221. 6.1.221 ईवत्याः The Names ending in ईवति have the acute on the last syllable.
  222. 6.1.222 चौ In compound words ending in अञ्च् , the final vowel of the preceding word has the acute accent in the weak cases in which only च् of अञ्च् remains.
  223. 6.1.223 समासस्य A compound word has the acute on the last syllable.

Pāda 6.2 Accent of compounds

Which syllable of a compound carries the udātta accent: first member keeps its accent (6.2.1 …), then headings for initial and final accent of the second member (6.2.64, 6.2.92, 6.2.111, 6.2.143). map →

  1. 6.2.1 बहुव्रीहौ प्रकृत्या पूर्वपदम् In a बहुव्रीहि समास the first member preserves its own original accent.
  2. 6.2.2 तत्पुरुषे तुल्यार्थतृतीयासप्तम्युपमानाव्ययद्वितीयाकृत्याः In a तत्-पुरुष समास the first member preserves its original accent when it is a word - 1. meaning 'a resemblance' or 2. an Instrumental or 3. a Locative or 4. a word with which the second member is compared or 5. an indeclinable or 6. an Accusative or 7. a Future Passive Participle
  3. 6.2.3 वर्णो वर्णेष्वनेते The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when a word denoting colour is compounded with another colour denoting word but not so when it is the word एत.
  4. 6.2.4 गाधलवणयोः प्रमाणे The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when the second term is गाध or लवण and the compound expresses 'a measure or mass'.
  5. 6.2.5 दायाद्यं दायादे In a तत्-पुरुष समास having the word दायद् as its second member, the first member denoting inheritance preserves its original accent.
  6. 6.2.6 प्रतिबन्धि चिरकृच्छ्रयोः In a तत्-पुरुष समास having the words चिर or कृच्छ्र as its second member, the first member, when it denotes that which experiences an obstacle, preserves its original accent.
  7. 6.2.7 पदेऽपदेशे The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when the second member is the word पद denoting 'a pretext'.
  8. 6.2.8 निवाते वातत्राणे The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when the second member is the word निवात in the sense of 'a protection from wind'.
  9. 6.2.9 शारदेऽनार्तवे The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when the second member is the word शारद having any other sense than that of 'autumnal'.
  10. 6.2.10 अध्वर्युकषाययोर्जातौ The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when the second member is the word अध्वर्यु or कषाय denoting a genus.
  11. 6.2.11 सदृशप्रतिरूपयोः सादृश्ये The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when the second member is the word सदृश or प्रतिरूप expressing resemblance with someone or something.
  12. 6.2.12 द्विगौ प्रमाणे The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when the second member is a द्विगु समास (Numeral Determinative Compound) denoting 'measure or quantity'.
  13. 6.2.13 गन्तव्यपण्यं वाणिजे Before the word वाणिज 'a trader' the first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its accent when it is a word specifying the place wither one has to go or the ware in which one deals.
  14. 6.2.14 मात्रोपज्ञोपक्रमच्छाये नपुंसके The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when the words 1. मात्रा 2. उपज्ञा 3. उपक्रम and 4. छाया when these words appear as neuter.
  15. 6.2.15 सुखप्रिययोर्हिते The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when its second term is सुख or प्रिय and the sense is 'to feel delight' or 'is good'.
  16. 6.2.16 प्रीतौ च The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when its second term is सुख or प्रिय and the sense is 'agreeable to one' or 'desired'.
  17. 6.2.17 स्वं स्वामिनि The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when it denotes a thing possessed and when its second term is स्वामिन्.
  18. 6.2.18 पत्यावैश्वर्ये The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when it ends in पति and means 'master' or 'lord'.
  19. 6.2.19 न भूवाक्चिद्दिधिषु The words भू , वाक् , चित् and दिधिषू however do not preserve their original accent in तत्-पुरुष समास when coming before the word पति denoting 'master' or 'lord'.
  20. 6.2.20 वा भुवनम् The word भुवन may optionally keep its accent in a तत्-पुरुष समास before the word पति denoting 'master' or 'lord'.
  21. 6.2.21 आशङ्काबाधनेदीयस्सु संभावने The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent before words आशङ्क , आबाध and नेदीयस् , when it treats about a supposition.
  22. 6.2.22 पूर्वे भूतपूर्वे The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when the second member is the word पूर्व and the sense is 'this had been lately…'.
  23. 6.2.23 सविधसनीडसमर्यादसवेशसदेशेषु सामीप्ये The first member of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent when the second member is 1. सविध 2. सनीड 3. समर्याद 4. सवेश and 5. सदेश in the sense of 'what can be found in the vicinity thereof'.
  24. 6.2.24 विस्पष्टादीनि गुणवचनेषु The words विस्पष्ट etc. preserve their accent when followed by an adjective word in a compound.
  25. 6.2.25 श्रज्याऽवमकन्पापवत्सु भावे कर्मधारये In a कर्मधारय समास the first member consisting of a भाव (verbal noun) preserves its original accent before the adjective forms built from श्र -- प्रशस्यस्य श्रः (5.3.60), ज्य -- ज्य च (5.3.61), अवम and कन् -- युवाल्पयोः कनन्यतरस्याम् (5.3.64), and before a form built from the word पाप.
  26. 6.2.26 कुमारश्च In a कर्मधारय समास the first member consisting of the word कुमार preserves it original accent.
  27. 6.2.27 आदिः प्रत्येनसि In a कर्मधारय समास of कुमार followed by प्रत्येनस् the acutely accented (उदात्त) falls on the first syllable of कुमार.
  28. 6.2.28 पूगेष्वन्यतरस्याम् The first syllable of कुमार is optionally acutely accented (उदात्त) when the second member is a word denoting 'the name of a horde'.
  29. 6.2.29 इगन्तकालकपालभगालशरावेषु द्विगौ In a द्विगु समास (Numeral Determinative Compound) the first member preserves its original accent before a stem ending in a simple vowel with the exception of अ (इक्) before a word denoting time, as well as before 1. कपाल 2. भगाल and 3. शराव.
  30. 6.2.30 बह्वन्यतरस्याम् In a द्विगु समास (Numeral Determinative Compound) the word बहु may optionally preserve its accent when followed by an इक्-ending stem or by a time-word or by 1. कपाल 2. भगाल and 3. शराव.
  31. 6.2.31 दिष्टिवितस्त्योश्च In a द्विगु समास (Numeral Determinative Compound) the first member may optionally preserve its accent when followed by the words दिष्टि and वितस्ति।as its second members.
  32. 6.2.32 सप्तमी सिद्धशुष्कपक्वबन्धेष्वकालात् When a word ending in the Locative -7th case does not denote time preserves its original accent when followed by 1. सिद्ध 2. शुष्क 3. पक्व and 4. बन्ध in a compound.
  33. 6.2.33 परिप्रत्युपापा वर्ज्यमानाहोरात्रावयवेषु The particles 1. परि 2. प्रति 3. उप and 4. अप preserve their accent before that word which specifies an exclusion or a portion of day and night (in an अव्ययीभाव समास also).
  34. 6.2.34 राजन्यबहुवचनद्वन्द्वेऽन्धकवृष्णिषु The first member of a द्वन्द समास formed of names denoting the क्षत्रिय (warrior) clans in the plural number retains its original accent when the warrior belongs to the clan of अन्धक or वृष्णि.
  35. 6.2.35 संख्या The numeral word standing as the first member of a द्वन्द समास , preserves its accent.
  36. 6.2.36 आचार्योपसर्जनश्चान्तेवासी When words denoting scholars are named after their teachers and are compounded into a द्वन्द समास the first member retains its accent.
  37. 6.2.37 कार्तकौजपादयश्च Also in the द्वन्द समास-s कार्तकौजप etc. the first members retain their accent.
  38. 6.2.38 महान् व्रीह्यपराह्णगृष्टीष्वासजाबालभारभारतहैलिहिलरौरवप्रवृद्धेषु The word महत् (महा) retains its accent before the following - 1. व्रीहि 2. अपराह्ण 3. गृष्टि 4. इष्वास 5. जाबाल 6. भार 7. भारत 8. हैलिहिल 9. रौरव and 10. प्रवृद्धे.
  39. 6.2.39 क्षुल्लकश्च वैश्वदेवे The words महत् and क्षुल्लक retain their accent before the word वैश्वदेव.
  40. 6.2.40 उष्ट्रः सादिवाम्योः The word उष्ट्र retains its accent before सादि and वामि.
  41. 6.2.41 गौः सादसादिसारथिषु The word गो retains its accent before 1. साद 2. सादि and 3. सारथि.
  42. 6.2.42 कुरुगार्हपतरिक्तगुर्वसूतजरत्यश्लीलदृढरूपापारेवडवातैतिलकद्रूःपण्यकम्बलो दासीभाराणां च The first member retains its accent in the following - 1. कुरु-गार्हपत 2. रिक्त-गुरु 3. असूत-जरती 4. अश्लील-दृढ-रूपा 5. पारे-वडवा 6. तैतिल-कद्रूः 7. पण्य-कम्बलः and 8. दासीभार etc.
  43. 6.2.43 चतुर्थी तदर्थे A word in the Dative -4th Case as the first member retains its accent when the second member expresses that which is suited to become the former.
  44. 6.2.44 अर्थे Before the word अर्थ the first member in the Dative -4th Case retains its accent.
  45. 6.2.45 क्ते च The first member in the Dative -4th Case retains its accent before a Past Participle in क्त.
  46. 6.2.46 कर्मधारयेऽनिष्ठा Before the Past Participle in क्त the first member when it itself is not a Past Participle, retains its original accent in a कर्मधारय समास .
  47. 6.2.47 अहीने द्वितीया Before the Past Participle in क्त , a word ending in the Accusative -2nd case retains its accent when it does not mean a separation.
  48. 6.2.48 तृतीया कर्मणि A word ending in the Instrumental -3rd case retains its accent before the Past Participle in क्त when it has a Passive meaning.
  49. 6.2.49 गतिरनन्तरः A word called गति -- गतिश्च (1.4.60), when standing immediately before a Participle in क्त having a Passive significance, retains its accent.
  50. 6.2.50 तादौ च निति कृत्यतौ An immediately preceding गति -- गतिश्च (1.4.60), retains its original accent before (a word formed by) a कृत्-affix beginning with त् which as an indicatory न् but before तु.
  51. 6.2.51 तवै चान्तश्च युगपत् An immediately preceding गति -- गतिश्च (1.4.60), retains its original accent before an Infinitive in तवै -- कृत्यार्थे तवैकेन्केन्यत्वनः (3.4.14), but whereby simultaneously the final has the acute as well.
  52. 6.2.52 अनिगन्तोऽञ्चतौ वप्रत्यये An immediately preceding गति -- गतिश्च (1.4.60), not ending in इ or उ retains its accent before an affix having a व् follows.
  53. 6.2.53 न्यधी च The गति-s नि and अधि however retain their original accent before अञ्च् when the affix व् follows.
  54. 6.2.54 ईषदन्यतरस्याम् The word ईषत् when the first member of a compound may optionally preserve its original accent.
  55. 6.2.55 हिरण्यपरिमाणं धने The first member denoting the quantity of gold retains optionally its original accent before the word धन.
  56. 6.2.56 प्रथमोऽचिरोपसम्पत्तौ The word प्रथम when first in a compound optionally retains its original accent when meaning 'a novice'.
  57. 6.2.57 कतरकतमौ कर्मधारये The words कतर and कतम when as first member of a compound optionally retain their original accent in a कर्मधारय समास.
  58. 6.2.58 आर्यो ब्राह्मणकुमारयोः The word आर्य optionally retains its original accent in a कर्मधारय समास before the words ब्राह्मण and कुमार.
  59. 6.2.59 राजा च The word राजन् optionally retains its original accent in a कर्मधारय समास before the words ब्राह्मण and कुमार.
  60. 6.2.60 षष्ठी प्रत्येनसि The word राजन् ending in Genitive 6th-Case optionally retains its original accent before the word प्रत्येनस्.
  61. 6.2.61 क्ते नित्यार्थे A word having the sense of 'always' optionally retains its original accent before a Past Participle in क्त .
  62. 6.2.62 ग्रामः शिल्पिनि The word ग्राम when first member of a compound optionally retains its original accent before a word denoting 'a professional man or artisan'.
  63. 6.2.63 राजा च प्रशंसायाम् The word राजन् optionally retains its original accent after a profession-denoting noun when praise is expressed.
  64. 6.2.64 आदिरुदात्तः In the following up to -- न भूताधिकसंजीवमद्राश्मकज्जलम् (6.2.91), inclusive, the phrase 'the first syllable in -(the word standing in the Nominative 1st-Case) has the acute accent (उदात्त)' is always to be supplied. adhikāra
  65. 6.2.65 सप्तमीहारिणौ धर्म्येऽहरणे If the first member of a compound is in the Locative -7th case or denoting the name of the Receiver of Tax, has acutely accented (उदात्त) first syllable, when the second member is a word denoting 'what is lawful', but not when it is हरण.
  66. 6.2.66 युक्ते च The first member of a compound has acute on the first syllable when the second member denotes that by whom the things denoted by the first are regulated or kept in order.
  67. 6.2.67 विभाषाऽध्यक्षे The acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable is optional when the word अध्यक्ष follows.
  68. 6.2.68 पापं च शिल्पिनि The word पाप is optionally acutely accented (उदात्त) on the first syllable when followed by a word denoting a professional man.
  69. 6.2.69 गोत्रान्तेवासिमाणवब्राह्मणेषु क्षेपे The first syllable of the first member of a compound is acutely accented (उदात्त) before a गोत्र (Patronymic) name or a Scholar-name and also before माणव and ब्राह्मण when a reproach is meant.
  70. 6.2.70 अङ्गानि मैरेये The first syllable of the word preceding मैरेय gets the acute accent (उदात्त) when it denotes the ingredient of the same.
  71. 6.2.71 भक्ताख्यास्तदर्थेषु A word denoting food gets the acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when before a word which denotes a repository suited to contain that.
  72. 6.2.72 गोबिडालसिंहसैन्धवेषूपमाने A word denoting the object of comparison gets the acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when standing before गो , बिडाल , सिंह and सैन्धव.
  73. 6.2.73 अके जीविकाऽर्थे A word denoting the object of comparison gets the acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when the second member is a word ending in the affix अक and the compound expresses a calling by which one gets his living.
  74. 6.2.74 प्राचां क्रीडायाम् A compound, the second member of which is a word ending in affix अक and which denotes the sport of the Eastern people, gets the acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable.
  75. 6.2.75 अणि नियुक्ते A compound, the second member of which is a word ending in the कृत् -affix अण् and which denotes a functionary, gets the acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable.
  76. 6.2.76 शिल्पिनि चाकृञः And when such a compound ending in अण् -affix denotes the name of a professional man, but not when the second term कार(derived from कृञ्), the acute accent (उदात्त) is on the first syllable of the first word.
  77. 6.2.77 संज्ञायां च Also when such an उपपद compound ending in अण् -affix denotes a Name, the acute accent (उदात्त) falls on the first syllable but not when the second term is कार.
  78. 6.2.78 गोतन्तियवं पाले The words 1. गो 2. तन्ति and 3. यव get the acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when followed by पाल.
  79. 6.2.79 णिनि A compound ending in कृत् -affix णिनि (इन्) has the acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable of the first member.
  80. 6.2.80 उपमानं शब्दार्थप्रकृतावेव When the first member of a compound expresses that with which resemblance is denoted then it has acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable before a word formed by णिनि (इन्) affix, only then, when such latter word is radical without any preposition and means 'giving out a definite sound like so and so'.
  81. 6.2.81 युक्तारोह्यादयश्च The compounds युक्तारोहिन् etc. have acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable.
  82. 6.2.82 दीर्घकाशतुषभ्राष्ट्रवटं जे When the first member is a word ending in a long vowel or is 1. काश 2. तुष 3. भ्राष्ट्र 4. वट and is followed by ज , the acutely accented (उदात्त) falls on the first syllable.
  83. 6.2.83 अन्त्यात् पूर्वं बह्वचः In a word consisting of more than two syllables followed by ज , the acute accent (उदात्त) falls on the syllable before the last.
  84. 6.2.84 ग्रामेऽनिवसन्तः Before ग्राम the first syllable of the first member as acute accent (उदात्त) when thereby inhabitants are not meant.
  85. 6.2.85 घोषादिषु च The first member has acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when followed by घोषा etc.
  86. 6.2.86 छात्र्यादयः शालायाम् The words छात्रि etc. get acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when followed by the word शाला.
  87. 6.2.87 प्रस्थेऽवृद्धमकर्क्यादीनाम् The first member which has not a वृद्धि in the first syllable or which is not कर्की etc. gets the acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable before प्रस्थ.
  88. 6.2.88 मालादीनां च The first syllable of माला etc. gets the acute accent (उदात्त) when प्रस्थ follows.
  89. 6.2.89 अमहन्नवं नगरेऽनुदीचाम् The first member has an acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable before the word नगर but not when it is the word महत् or नव , nor when it refers to a city in the lands of the Northern People.
  90. 6.2.90 अर्मे चावर्णं द्व्यच्त्र्यच् A word of two or three syllables ending in a अ or आ (with the exception of महा and नव) standing before the word अर्म has acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable.
  91. 6.2.91 न भूताधिकसंजीवमद्राश्मकज्जलम् The following words do not get acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when standing before अर्म etc. - 1. भूत 2. अधिक 3. संजीव 4. मद्र 5. अश्मन् and 6. कञ्जल.
  92. 6.2.92 अन्तः In the following sūtras up to निष्ठोपसर्गपूर्वमन्यतरस्याम् (6.2.110), inclusive, is to be supplied the phrase 'the last syllable in a word standing in the Nominative 1st-Case has the acute accent (उदात्त)'. adhikāra
  93. 6.2.93 सर्वं गुणकार्त्स्न्ये The acute accent (उदात्त) is on the final of the word सर्व standing as the first member before an attributive word in the sense 'whole, through and through'.
  94. 6.2.94 संज्ञायां गिरिनिकाययोः The last syllable of the first member before गिरि and निकाय has the acute accent (उदात्त) when the compound is a Name.
  95. 6.2.95 कुमार्यां वयसि The last syllable of the first member get the acute accent (उदात्त) when the word कुमारी follows, the compound denoting age.
  96. 6.2.96 उदकेऽकेवले Before the word उदक when the compound denotes a mixture, the last syllable of the first member has the acute accent (उदात्त).
  97. 6.2.97 द्विगौ क्रतौ Before a द्विगु समास (Numeral Determinative Compound), when the compound denotes a sacrifice, the last syllable of the first member has the acute accent (उदात्त).
  98. 6.2.98 सभायां नपुंसके Before the word सभा when it is exhibited as Neuter, the first member of the compound gets the acute accent (उदात्त) on the last syllable.
  99. 6.2.99 पुरे प्राचाम् Before the word पुर , when the compound denotes a city of the Eastern People, the final of the final of the first member as the acute accent (उदात्त).
  100. 6.2.100 अरिष्टगौडपूर्वे च When the words अरिष्ट and गौड stand first, the first member has the acute accent (उदात्त) on the final before the word पुर.
  101. 6.2.101 न हास्तिनफलकमार्देयाः But when the words 1. हास्तिन 2. फलक and 3. मार्देय precede पुर , the acute accent (उदात्त) does not fall on their final.
  102. 6.2.102 कुसूलकूपकुम्भशालं बिले The words 1. कुसूल 2. कूप 3. कुम्भ and 4. शाला have the acute accent (उदात्त) on the last syllable before the word बिल.
  103. 6.2.103 दिक्शब्दा ग्रामजनपदाख्यानचानराटेषु Words expressing (in space of time) have acute accent (उदात्त) on the last syllable when followed by a word denoting a village or a country or a narrative before the word चानराट.
  104. 6.2.104 आचार्योपसर्जनश्चान्तेवासिनि The direction denoting words have acute accent (उदात्त) on the final, before the names of scholars when such names derived from those of their teachers.
  105. 6.2.105 उत्तरपदवृद्धौ सर्वं च Words denoting direction and the word सर्व have acute accent (उदात्त) on the final before a word which takes वृद्धि in the first syllable of the second term by सुसर्वार्धाज्जनपदस्य (7.3.12).
  106. 6.2.106 बहुव्रीहौ विश्वं संज्ञायाम् The word विश्व has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final, being first member in a बहुव्रीहि समास , when it is a Name.
  107. 6.2.107 उदराश्वेषुषु The first member in a बहुव्रीहि समास , before the words 1. उदर 2. अश्व and 3. इषु , gets acute accent (उदात्त) on the final syllable when the compound denotes a Name.
  108. 6.2.108 क्षेपे A word before 1. उदर 2. अश्व and 3. इषु in a बहुव्रीहि समास gets the acute accent (उदात्त) on the final, when reproach is meant.
  109. 6.2.109 नदी बन्धुनि In a बहुव्रीहि समास having the word बन्धु as its second member, the first member ending in the feminine affix ई (नदी word) has the ac on its final syllable.
  110. 6.2.110 निष्ठोपसर्गपूर्वमन्यतरस्याम् In a बहुव्रीहि समास a Participle in a क्त preceded by a preposition, standing as the first member of the compound has optionally acute accent (उदात्त) on the last syllable.
  111. 6.2.111 उत्तरपदादिः In the following sūtras up to कुण्डं वनम् (6.2.136), inclusive, should always be supplied the phrase 'the first syllable of the second member has the acute accent (उदात्त)'. adhikāra
  112. 6.2.112 कर्णो वर्णलक्षणात् In a बहुव्रीहि समास the word कर्ण standing as second member has acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when it is preceded by a word denoting colour or mark.
  113. 6.2.113 संज्ञौपम्ययोश्च In a बहुव्रीहि समास the second member कर्ण has acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when the compound denotes a Name or Resemblance.
  114. 6.2.114 कण्ठपृष्ठग्रीवाजंघं च In a बहुव्रीहि समास expressing a Name or comparison the second members 1. कण्ठ 2. पृष्ठ 3. ग्रीवा and 4. जङ्घा have acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable.
  115. 6.2.115 शृङ्गमवस्थायां च In a बहुव्रीहि समास denoting age (as well as a Name or a Resemblance), the second member शृङ्ग gets acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable.
  116. 6.2.116 नञो जरमरमित्रमृताः After a Negative Particle, in a बहुव्रीहि समास the acute accent (उदात्त) falls on the first syllable of 1. जर 2. मर 3. मित्र and 4. मृत.
  117. 6.2.117 सोर्मनसी अलोमोषसी After the adjective सु in a बहुव्रीहि समास a stem ending in मन् and अस् with the exception of लोमन् and उषस् has acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable.
  118. 6.2.118 क्रत्वादयश्च After the adjective सु in a बहुव्रीहि समास the acute accent (उदात्त) falls on the first syllable of क्रतु etc.
  119. 6.2.119 आद्युदात्तं द्व्यच् छन्दसि In a बहुव्रीहि समास in the छन्दस् (Vedas) a word of two syllables with acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when preceded by सु gets acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable.
  120. 6.2.120 वीरवीर्यौ च In a बहुव्रीहि समास in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after सु the words वीर and वीर्य have acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable.
  121. 6.2.121 कूलतीरतूलमूलशालाऽक्षसममव्ययीभावे In an अव्ययीभाव समास the following second terms have acute accent (उदात्त) on their first syllable - 1. कूल 2. तीर 3. तूल 4. मूल 5. शाला 6. अक्ष and 7. सम.
  122. 6.2.122 कंसमन्थशूर्पपाय्यकाण्डं द्विगौ In a द्विगु समास (Numeral Determinative Compound) the following second members get acute accent (उदात्त) on their first syllable - 1. कंस 2. मन्थ 3. शूर्प 3. पाय्य and 4. काण्ड.
  123. 6.2.123 तत्पुरुषे शालायां नपुंसके The word शाला at the end of a तत्-पुरुष समास when exhibited in the Neuter has acute on the first syllable.
  124. 6.2.124 कन्था च In a Neuter तत्-पुरुष समास ending in कन्था the acute accent (उदात्त) falls on the first syllable of the second member.
  125. 6.2.125 आदिश्चिहणादीनाम् In a Neuter तत्-पुरुष समास ending in कन्था the first syllable of चिहण etc. have the acute accent (उदात्त).
  126. 6.2.126 चेलखेटकटुककाण्डं गर्हायाम् The words 1. चेल 2. खेट 3. कटुक and 4. काण्ड at the end of a तत्-पुरुष समास have acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when a reproach is meant.
  127. 6.2.127 चीरमुपमानम् The word चीर at the end of a तत्-पुरुष समास has acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when something is compared with it.
  128. 6.2.128 पललसूपशाकं मिश्रे In a तत्-पुरुष समास ending in 1. पलल 2. सूप and 3. शाक the acute accent (उदात्त) falls on the first syllable of these when the compound denotes a food mixed or seasoned with something.
  129. 6.2.129 कूलसूदस्थलकर्षाः संज्ञायाम् The words 1. कूल 2. सूद 3. स्थल and 4. कर्ष have acute accent (उदात्त) on their first syllable when at the end of a तत्-पुरुष समास denoting a Name.
  130. 6.2.130 अकर्मधारये राज्यम् The word राज्यम् has acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when at the end of a तत्-पुरुष समास which is not a कर्मधारय समास .
  131. 6.2.131 वर्ग्यादयश्च At the end of a non-कर्मधारय तत्-पुरुष समास the words वर्ग्य etc. have acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable.
  132. 6.2.132 पुत्रः पुंभ्यः The word पुत्र coming after a Masculine noun in a तत्-पुरुष समास has a acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable.
  133. 6.2.133 नाचार्यराजर्त्विक्संयुक्तज्ञात्याख्येभ्यः The word पुत्र does not have an acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when preceded by a word which falls under the category of teachers, kings, priests, wife's relations and agnates and cognates.
  134. 6.2.134 चूर्णादीन्यप्राणिषष्ठ्याः The words चूर्ण etc. in a तत्-पुरुष समास have acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable when preceding word ends in a Genitive 6th-Case and does not denote a living being.
  135. 6.2.135 षट् च काण्डादीनि The six words - 1. काण्ड 2. चीर 3. पलल 4. सूप 5. शाक and 6. कूल of sūtras (6.2.126)-129 preceded by a non-living Genitive 6th-Case word have acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable.
  136. 6.2.136 कुण्डं वनम् The word कुण्ड at the end of a तत्-पुरुष समास denoting 'a wood or forest' has acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable.
  137. 6.2.137 प्रकृत्या भगालम् The word भगाल at the end of a तत्-पुरुष समास preserves its original accent.
  138. 6.2.138 शितेर्नित्याबह्वज्बहुव्रीहावभसत् After शिति , a word retains in a बहुव्रीहि समास its original accent when it is always of not more than two syllables with the exception of भसद्..
  139. 6.2.139 गतिकारकोपपदात् कृत् In a तत्-पुरुष समास a word ending in a कृत् affix preserves its original accent when preceded by an indeclinable called गति -- गतिश्च (1.4.60), or a noun standing in intimate relation to a verb (कारक) or any word which gives occasion for compounding (उपपद -- तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीस्थम् (3.1.92))
  140. 6.2.140 उभे वनस्पत्यादिषु युगपत् In वनस्पति etc. both members of the compound preserve their original accent simultaneously.
  141. 6.2.141 देवताद्वन्द्वे च In a द्वन्द compound of the Names of Divinities, both the members retain their original accent.
  142. 6.2.142 नोत्तरपदेऽनुदात्तादावपृथिवीरुद्रपूषमन्थिषु In a द्वन्द compound of the Names of Divinities, both members of the compound simultaneously do not retain their accent when the first syllable of the second word is अनुदात्त with the exception of 1.पृथिवी 2. रुद्र 3. पूष and 4. मन्थिन्.
  143. 6.2.143 अन्तः In the following sūtras up to the end of this chapter should always be supplied the phrase 'the last syllable of the second member has the acute accent (उदात्त)'. adhikāra
  144. 6.2.144 थाथघञ्क्ताजबित्रकाणाम् The last syllable of the second member has the acute accent (उदात्त) in the verbal nouns ending in 1. थ 2. अथ 3. घञ् 4. क्त 5. अच् 6. अप् 7. इत्र and 8. क when preceded by a गति , a कारक or an उपपद -- गतिकारकोपपदात् कृत् (6.2.139)
  145. 6.2.145 सूपमानात् क्तः The Participle in क्त has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when it is preceded by सु or by a word with which the second member is compared.
  146. 6.2.146 संज्ञायामनाचितादीनाम् The Participle in क्त has acute accent (उदात्त) on the last syllable when preceded by a गति or a कारक or an उपपद if the compound denotes a Name, but not in आचित etc.
  147. 6.2.147 प्रवृद्धादीनां च The word प्रवृद्ध etc. ending in क्त have acute accent (उदात्त) on the final.
  148. 6.2.148 कारकाद्दत्तश्रुतयोरेवाशिषि The final of Part Participles दत्त and श्रुत alone have the acute accent (उदात्त) in a compound denoting a Name and a Benediction, the preceding word being a word standing in close relation to an action (कारक).
  149. 6.2.149 इत्थम्भूतेन कृतमिति च The Participle in क्त has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when the compound denotes 'done by one in such a condition'.
  150. 6.2.150 अनो भावकर्मवचनः After a कारक as mentioned in कारकाद्दत्तश्रुतयोरेवाशिषि (6.2.148), the second member ending in the affix अन and denoting an action in the Abstract or the object (i.e. having the senses of Passive Adjective), has the acute accent (उदात्त) on the final.
  151. 6.2.151 मन्क्तिन्व्याख्यानशयनासनस्थानयाजकादिक्रीताः The words ending in मन् or क्तिन् affixes and the words 1. व्याख्यान 2. शयन 3. आसन 4. स्थान and 5. क्रीत as well as याजक etc. have acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when at the end of a compound preceded by कारक word.
  152. 6.2.152 सप्तम्याः पुण्यम् The word पुण्य has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when preceded by a Noun in the Locative -7th case.
  153. 6.2.153 ऊनार्थकलहं तृतीयायाः The acute accent (उदात्त) falls on the final of words having the sense of ऊन and of कलह when they are second members in a compound, preceded by a term in the Instrumental -3rd case.
  154. 6.2.154 मिश्रं चानुपसर्गमसंधौ The word मिश्र has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final after an Instrumental -3rd case when it is not joined with any Preposition and does not mean a 'compact or alliance'.
  155. 6.2.155 नञो गुणप्रतिषेधे सम्पाद्यर्हहितालमर्थास्तद्धिताः The words formed with the तद्धित affixes denoting 'fitted for that' -- सम्पादिनि (5.1.99), 'deserving that' -- तद् अर्हति (5.1.63), 'good for that' -- तस्मै हितम् (5.1.5), 'capable to effect that' -- तस्मै प्रभवति संतापादिभ्यः (5.1.101), have acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when preceded by the Negative Particle नञ् , when it makes a negation with regard to the above mentioned attributes.
  156. 6.2.156 ययतोश्चातदर्थे The words formed with the तद्धित affixes य and यत् when not denoting 'useful for that' have acute accent (उदात्त) on the last syllable after the particle नञ् negating the attribute.
  157. 6.2.157 अच्कावशक्तौ A word formed with the कृत् affixes अच् and क preceded by the particle नञ् has the acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when the meaning is 'not capable'.
  158. 6.2.158 आक्रोशे च A word formed by the कृत् affixes अच् and क preceded by a Negative Particle have an acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when one abuses somebody by that word.
  159. 6.2.159 संज्ञायाम् When abuse is meant, a word preceded by नञ् has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final in denoting a Name.
  160. 6.2.160 कृत्योकेष्णुच्चार्वादयश्च After the Negative Particle, the words formed by the कृत्य affixes -- कृत्याः प्राङ् ण्वुलः (3.1.95), by उक and इष्णुच् and the words चारु etc. have acute accent (उदात्त) on the final.
  161. 6.2.161 विभाषा तृन्नन्नतीक्ष्णशुचिषु After the negative particle, the final of the following is optionally acute accent (उदात्त) - a word formed with the affix तृन् and the words 1. अन्न 2. तीक्ष्ण and 3. शुचि.
  162. 6.2.162 बहुव्रीहाविदमेतत्तद्भ्यः प्रथमपूरणयोः क्रियागणने In a बहुव्रीहि समास , after the words इदम् , एतद् and तद् the last syllable of प्रथम and of a proper ordinal numeral as the acute accent (उदात्त) when the number of times of an action is meant.
  163. 6.2.163 संख्यायाः स्तनः In a बहुव्रीहि समास , after a numeral the word स्तन has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final.
  164. 6.2.164 विभाषा छन्दसि Optionally so, in the छन्दस् (Vedas), the स्तन after a numeral has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final.
  165. 6.2.165 संज्ञायां मित्राजिनयोः In a बहुव्रीहि समास ending in मित्र and अजिन the acute accent (उदात्त) falls on the last syllable when the compound denotes a Name.
  166. 6.2.166 व्यवायिनोऽन्तरम् In a बहुव्रीहि समास ending in अन्तर the acute accent (उदात्त) is on the final after a word which denotes 'that which lies between'.
  167. 6.2.167 मुखं स्वाङ्गम् In a बहुव्रीहि समास the acute accent (उदात्त) is on the final when the second member is मुख 'mouth' i.e. the actual bodily part of an animal and not used metaphorically.
  168. 6.2.168 नाव्ययदिक्शब्दगोमहत्स्थूलमुष्टिपृथुवत्सेभ्यः In a बहुव्रीहि समास the acute accent (उदात्त) does not fall on such मुख 'mouth' denoting a real mouth when it comes after an indeclinable and a name of a direction or after 1. गो 2. महत् 3. स्थूल 4. मुष्टि 5. पृथु and 6. वत्स.
  169. 6.2.169 निष्ठोपमानादन्यतरस्याम् In a बहुव्रीहि समास the word मुख denoting 'an actual mouth' has optionally the acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when preceded by a participle in त or by that wherewith something is compared.
  170. 6.2.170 जातिकालसुखादिभ्योऽनाच्छादनात् क्तोऽकृतमितप्रतिपन्नाः After a word denoting a species (with the exception of a word for 'garment or covering') and after a time-denoting word as well as after सुख etc. the Participle in the क्त has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final in a बहुव्रीहि समास but not so when the participles are 1. कृत 2. मित 3. प्रतिपन्न.
  171. 6.2.171 वा जाते After a species (with the exception of a word for 'garment or covering') or a time-denoting word or after सुख etc. in a बहुव्रीहि समास the word जात has optionally acute accent (उदात्त) on the final.
  172. 6.2.172 नञ्सुभ्याम् In a बहुव्रीहि समास formed by the negative particle नञ् or by सु has the acute accent (उदात्त) on the last syllable of the compound.
  173. 6.2.173 कपि पूर्वम् In a बहुव्रीहि समास formed by the negative particle नञ् or by सु and ending in the affix कप् -- नद्यृतश्च (5.4.153), has acute accent (उदात्त) on the syllable preceding the affix.
  174. 6.2.174 ह्रस्वान्तेऽन्त्यात् पूर्वम् When the compound ends in a light vowel the acute accent (उदात्त) falls on the syllable before such last, in a बहुव्रीहि समास preceded by नञ् and सु to which the affix कप् -- नद्यृतश्च (5.4.153), is added.
  175. 6.2.175 बहोर्नञ्वदुत्तरपदभूम्नि A बहुव्रीहि समास with बहु has the same accent as नञ् when it denotes muchness of the object expressed by the second member.
  176. 6.2.176 न गुणादयोऽवयवाः In a बहुव्रीहि समास , after बहु the acute accent (उदात्त) does not fall on the final of गुण etc. when they appear in the compound as ingredient of something else.
  177. 6.2.177 उपसर्गात् स्वाङ्गं ध्रुवमपर्शु A word denoting a part of the body which is constant (and indispensable) with the exception of पर्शु has after a preposition in a बहुव्रीहि समास the acute accent (उदात्त) on the last syllable.
  178. 6.2.178 वनं समासे After a preposition वन has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final in compounds of every kind.
  179. 6.2.179 अन्तः After अन्तर् the acute accent (उदात्त) falls on the final of वन.
  180. 6.2.180 अन्तश्च The word अन्तर् has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when preceded by a preposition.
  181. 6.2.181 न निविभ्याम् The word अन्तर् does not have acute accent (उदात्त) on the final after the prepositions नि and वि.
  182. 6.2.182 परेरभितोभाविमण्डलम् After परि a word which expresses something which has both this side and that side, as well as the word मण्डल has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final.
  183. 6.2.183 प्रादस्वाङ्गं संज्ञायाम् After प्र a, a word which does not denote a part of the body has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when the compound is a name.
  184. 6.2.184 निरुदकादीनि च The words निरुदकetc. Have acute accent (उदात्त) on the final.
  185. 6.2.185 अभेर्मुखम् The word मुख has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when preceded by अभि.
  186. 6.2.186 अपाच्च The word मुख has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final after the preposition अप्.
  187. 6.2.187 स्फिगपूतवीणाऽञ्जोऽध्वकुक्षिसीरनामनाम च The words 1. स्फिग 2. पूत 3. वीणा 4. अञ्जस् 5. अध्वम् 6. कुक्षि 6. नामन् and a word denoting 'a plough' have acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when preceded by the preposition अप्.
  188. 6.2.188 अधेरुपरिस्थम् After अधि that word which denotes that thing which overlaps or stands upon has the acute accent (उदात्त) on the final.
  189. 6.2.189 अनोरप्रधानकनीयसी After अनु a word which is not the Principal as well as कनीयस् has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final.
  190. 6.2.190 पुरुषश्चान्वादिष्टः After अनु the acute accent (उदात्त) falls on the final of पुरुष when it means a man of whom mention was already made.
  191. 6.2.191 अतेरकृत्पदे After अति , a word not formed by a कृत् affix and the word पद have acute accent (उदात्त) on the last syllable.
  192. 6.2.192 नेरनिधाने After नि the second member has the acute accent (उदात्त) on the last syllable when the sense is of 'not laying down'.
  193. 6.2.193 प्रतेरंश्वादयस्तत्पुरुषे In a तत्-पुरुष समास the words अंशु etc. have acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when preceded by प्रति.
  194. 6.2.194 उपाद् द्व्यजजिनमगौरादयः In a तत्-पुरुष समास the words of two syllables and अजिन् have acute accent (उदात्त) on the final when preceded by उप but not when they are गौर etc.
  195. 6.2.195 सोरवक्षेपणे After सु the second member has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final in a तत्-पुरुष समास when reproach is meant, in spite of the addition of सु which denotes praise.
  196. 6.2.196 विभाषोत्पुच्छे In a तत्-पुरुष समास the word उत्पुच्छ may optionally have acute accent (उदात्त) on the final.
  197. 6.2.197 द्वित्रिभ्यां पाद्दन्मूर्धसु बहुव्रीहौ In a बहुव्रीहि समास the words 1. पाद् 2. दत् and 3. मूर्धन् have optionally acute accent (उदात्त) on the final after द्वि and त्रि.
  198. 6.2.198 सक्थं चाक्रान्तात् The word सक्थ has acute accent (उदात्त) on the final optionally when preceded by any word other than what ends in क्र.
  199. 6.2.199 परादिश्छन्दसि बहुलम् The first syllable of the second member is diversely acutely accented (उदात्त) in the छन्दस् (Vedas).

Pāda 6.3 First member of compounds

Changes to the first member before a second member: non-deletion of its case ending (6.3.1 aluk), mahat → mahā (6.3.46), lengthening and other substitutions, and (under 6.3.114 saṃhitāyām) lengthening of a final vowel before certain words. map →

  1. 6.3.1 अलुगुत्तरपदे In the following sūtras up to विभाषा स्वसृपत्योः (6.3.24), inclusive, is always to be supplied the phrase 'the elision does not take place before the second member of the compound'. adhikāra
  2. 6.3.2 पञ्चम्याः स्तोकादिभ्यः The Ablative -5th case-ending after स्तोक etc. is not elided before the second member of a compound.
  3. 6.3.3 ओजःसहोऽम्भस्तमसः तृतीयायाः The Instrumental -3rd case endings after 1. ओजस् 2. सहस् 3. अम्भस् and 4. तमस् are not elided before the second member of a compound.
  4. 6.3.4 मनसः संज्ञायाम् After मनस् when the compound is a Name, the Instrumental -3rd case endings are not elided before the second member.
  5. 6.3.5 आज्ञायिनि च Also before आज्ञायिन् the Instrumental -3rd case endings of मनस् are not elided.
  6. 6.3.6 आत्मनश्च पूरणे The Instrumental -3rd case endings after आत्मान् are not elided when an Ordinal Numeral follows.
  7. 6.3.7 वैयाकरणाख्यायां चतुर्थ्याः The Dative -4th Case ending is not elided after आत्मान् when the compound is the name of a technical term in grammar.
  8. 6.3.8 परस्य च The Dative -4th Case endings is not elided after पर when the compound is the name of a technical term in grammar.
  9. 6.3.9 हलदन्तात् सप्तम्याः संज्ञायाम् The Locative -7th case ending is not elided after a stem ending in a consonant or a short अ when the compound is a Name.
  10. 6.3.10 कारनाम्नि च प्राचां हलादौ The Locative -7th case affix is not elided after a stem ending in a consonant or a short अ in the name of atax of the Eastern People when the second member begins with a consonant.
  11. 6.3.11 मध्याद्गुरौ The Locative -7th case-affix is not elided after मध्य when गुरु follows.
  12. 6.3.12 अमूर्धमस्तकात् स्वाङ्गादकामे is not elided after a word denoting a part of the body (with the exception of मूर्धन् and मस्तक) before every word other than काम.
  13. 6.3.13 बन्धे च विभाषा The Locative -7th case-affix is optionally not elided after a word ending in a consonant or अ before बन्ध.
  14. 6.3.14 तत्पुरुषे कृति बहुलम् In a तत्-पुरुष समास when the second member is a word formed with a कृत् affix the Locative -7th case ending is optionally preserved.
  15. 6.3.15 प्रावृट्शरत्कालदिवां जे The Locative -7th case-affix ending is retained after 1. प्रावट् 2. काल and 3. दिव् when ज follows.
  16. 6.3.16 विभाषा वर्षक्षरशरवरात् The Locative -7th case-affix ending is optionally retained after 1. वर्ष 2. क्षर 3. शर and 4. वर when ज follows.
  17. 6.3.17 घकालतनेषु कालनाम्नः The Locative -7th case-affix ending is optionally retained after a word denoting time ending in a consonant or अ when तरप् or तमप् or the word काल or the affix तन follow.
  18. 6.3.18 शयवासवासिष्वकालात् The Locative -7th case-affix ending is optionally retained after the words 1. शय 2. वास and 3. वासिन् when the preceding word does not denote time and ends in a consonant or a short अ.
  19. 6.3.19 नेन्सिद्धबध्नातिषु The Locative -7th case ending is not preserved before a stem ending in इन् before he word सिद्ध and before a word derived from बन्ध् .
  20. 6.3.20 स्थे च भाषायाम् The Locative -7th case ending is not preserved before स्थ in the spoken language.
  21. 6.3.21 षष्ठ्या आक्रोशे The Genitive 6th-Case-affix is retained when the compound expresses an 'affront or insult'.
  22. 6.3.22 पुत्रेऽन्यतरस्याम् The Genitive 6th-Case-affix is optionally retained when insult is meant when पुत्र follows.
  23. 6.3.23 ऋतो विद्यायोनिसम्बन्धेभ्यः The Genitive 6th-Case-affix is retained after a word ending in ऋ and expressing a relationship through study or blood.
  24. 6.3.24 विभाषा स्वसृपत्योः The Genitive 6th-Case-affix is optionally elided after a stem ending in ऋ when 1. स्वसृ and 2. पितृ follow.
  25. 6.3.25 आनङ् ऋतो द्वन्द्वे In a द्वन्द समास of words ending in the short ऋ and expressing relationship through study or blood, the आनङ् is the substitute of ऋ of the first member.
  26. 6.3.26 देवताद्वन्द्वे च The आनङ् is the substitute for the final of the first member in a द्वन्द समास of the names of the देवता-s.
  27. 6.3.27 ईदग्नेः सोमवरुणयोः For the final of अग्नि is substituted the long ई when 1. सोम or 2. वरुण follow.
  28. 6.3.28 इद्वृद्धौ The short इ is the substitute of the final of the अग्नि in such a द्वन्द समास in which both the members take the वृद्धि.
  29. 6.3.29 दिवो द्यावा For दिव् is substituted द्यावा in a द्वन्द समास of names of देवता-s.
  30. 6.3.30 दिवसश्च पृथिव्याम् For दिव् is also substituted दिवस् (as well as a द्यावा) when पृथिवी follows in a द्वन्द समास of names of देवता-s.
  31. 6.3.31 उषासोषसः For उषस् is substituted उषासा in a देवता - द्वन्द समास.
  32. 6.3.32 मातरपितरावुदीचाम् According to Northern Grammarians मातरपितरौ is a valid form.
  33. 6.3.33 पितरामातरा च च्छन्दसि In the छन्दस् (Vedas) the form पितरामातरा is a valid form.
  34. 6.3.34 स्त्रियाः पुंवद्भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ् समानाधिकरणे स्त्रियामपूरणीप्रियाऽऽदिषु In the room of a feminine word there is substituted an equivalent and uniform masculine form when it is a word which has an actual corresponding masculine and does not end in the feminine affix ऊङ् and is followed by another feminine word in the relation of apposition with it, but not when such subsequent word is an ordinal numeral, nor प्रिय etc. atideśa
  35. 6.3.35 तसिलादिष्वाकृत्वसुचः A feminine word not ending in the affix ऊङ् and having an equivalent and uniform masculine is changed into such masculine form, before the affixes beginning with तसिल् etc. -- पञ्चम्यास्तसिल् (5.3.7), and ending with कृत्वसुच् -- संख्यायाः क्रियाऽभ्यावृत्तिगणने कृत्वसुच् (5.4.17). atideśa
  36. 6.3.36 क्यङ्मानिनोश्च A feminine word not ending in ऊङ् and having an equivalent and uniform masculine is changed into masculine before the Denominative कयङ् and the affix मानिन्. atideśa
  37. 6.3.37 न कोपधायाः A feminine word having a penultimate क् does not assume the masculine form. atideśa
  38. 6.3.38 संज्ञापूरण्योश्च The feminine is not changed to masculine when it is a Name or an Ordinal Numeral. atideśa
  39. 6.3.39 वृद्धिनिमित्तस्य च तद्धितस्यारक्तविकारे The feminine is not changed into masculine when it is formed by such a तद्धित affix which causes the वृद्धि of the first syllable with exception however of तद्धित-substitute meaning 'coloured therewith' and 'made thereof'. atideśa
  40. 6.3.40 स्वाङ्गाच्चेतोऽमानिनि A feminine in ई ending in the name of a part of body does not become masculine except the word मानिन् follows. atideśa
  41. 6.3.41 जातेश्च A feminine noun expressing a class of kind does not become masculine. atideśa
  42. 6.3.42 पुंवत् कर्मधारयजातीयदेशीयेषु The feminine (unless it ends in ऊ) having an equivalent and uniform masculine becomes masculine in a कर्मधारय समास and before 1. जातीय and 2. देशीय. atideśa
  43. 6.3.43 घरूपकल्पचेलड्ब्रुवगोत्रमतहतेषु ङ्योऽनेकाचो ह्रस्वः Before the affixes 1. तर 2. तम 3. रूप 4. कल्प 5. चेल (with the feminine affix ई) 6. ब्रुव 7. गोत्र 8 मत and 9. हत a word ending in the feminine affix ङी becomes short when the feminine consists of two or more syllables and has an equivalent and uniform masculine.
  44. 6.3.44 नद्याः शेषस्यान्यतरस्याम् In all the remaining feminine words called नदी -- यू स्त्र्याख्यौ नदी (1.4.3) and नेयङुवङ्स्थानावस्त्री (1.4.4), the substitution of short vowel under the preceding circumstances is optional.
  45. 6.3.45 उगितश्च The feminine ङी (ई) added to a word formed by a तद्धित affix having an indicatory उ or ऋ is optionally shortened before the घ etc. -- घरूपकल्पचेलड्ब्रुवगोत्रमतहतेषु ङ्योऽनेकाचो ह्रस्वः (6.3.43).
  46. 6.3.46 आन्महतः समानाधिकरणजातीययोः For the final महत् of is substituted आत् (आ) before a word which is in apposition with it and before जातीय.
  47. 6.3.47 द्व्यष्टनः संख्यायामबहुव्रीह्यशीत्योः The words द्वि and अष्टन् get an आकारादेश in presence of a सङ्ख्याशब्द, provided that there is no बहुव्रीहि समास and the word अशीति is not present.
  48. 6.3.48 त्रेस्त्रयः The words त्रि gets an आकारादेश in presence of a सङ्ख्याशब्द, provided that there is no बहुव्रीहि समास and the word अशीति is not present.
  49. 6.3.49 विभाषा चत्वारिंशत्प्रभृतौ सर्वेषाम् The above substitution is the case of all (द्वि , त्रि and अष्टन्) is optional when the word चत्वारिंशत् and the numerals which follow it are the second member.
  50. 6.3.50 हृदयस्य हृल्लेखयदण्लासेषु हृद् is substituted for हृदय before लेख and the affixes यत् and अण् and before लास.
  51. 6.3.51 वा शोकष्यञ्रोगेषु हृद् is optionally substituted for हृदय before the words शोक and रोग or the affix ष्यङ् follow.
  52. 6.3.52 पादस्य पदाज्यातिगोपहतेषु पद् is substituted for पाद before 1. आजि 2. आति 3. ग and 4. उपहत.
  53. 6.3.53 पद् यत्यतदर्थे पद् is substituted for पाद before the affix यत् used in any sense other than that of 'suited there to'.
  54. 6.3.54 हिमकाषिहतिषु च पद् is substituted for पाद before 1. हिम 2. काषिन् and 3. हति.
  55. 6.3.55 ऋचः शे पद् is substituted for पाद before the affix शस् when the meaning is that of a ऋक् (Hymn).
  56. 6.3.56 वा घोषमिश्रशब्देषु पद् is optionally substituted for पाद before 1. घोष 2. मिश्र and 3. शब्द.
  57. 6.3.57 उदकस्योदः संज्ञायाम् उद is substituted for उदक when the compound is a Name.
  58. 6.3.58 पेषंवासवाहनधिषु च उद is substituted for उदक before 1. पेषं 2. वास 3. वाह and 4. धि.
  59. 6.3.59 एकहलादौ पूरयितव्येऽन्यतरस्याम् उद is optionally substituted for उदक before a word beginning with a single consonant and which expresses that which is filled with water.
  60. 6.3.60 मन्थौदनसक्तुबिन्दुवज्रभारहारवीवधगाहेषु च उद is optionally substituted for उदक before 1. मन्थ 2. ओदन 3. सक्तु 4. बिन्दु 5. वज्र 5. भार 6. हार 7. वीवध and 8. गाह.
  61. 6.3.61 इको ह्रस्वोऽङ्यो गालवस्य According to the opinion of गालव a short vowel is substituted in a compound before the second member for the long इक् vowels (ई , ऊ , ॠ) unless it is the long vowel of the feminine affix ई (ङी).
  62. 6.3.62 एक तद्धिते च The short is substituted for the long एका before a तद्धित affix and when a second member follows.
  63. 6.3.63 ङ्यापोः संज्ञाछन्दसोर्बहुलम् The short is diversely substituted for the feminine affixes ई and आ (ङी and आप्) in a Name and in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  64. 6.3.64 त्वे च The feminine affixes ई and आ (ङी and आप्) diversely become short before the affix त्व.
  65. 6.3.65 इष्टकेषीकामालानां चिततूलभारिषु For the long vowel a short is substituted in इष्टका before चित in इषीका before तूल and in माला before भारिन्.
  66. 6.3.66 खित्यनव्ययस्य A short is always substituted for the final of the first member when the second member is a word formed by an affix having an indicatory ख but not when the first member is an indeclinable.
  67. 6.3.67 अरुर्द्विषदजन्तस्य मुम् मुम् is the augment added immediately after the final vowel of अरुस , द्विषत् and of a stem ending in a vowel unless it is an indeclinable, when the word formed by a खित् affix follows.
  68. 6.3.68 इच एकाचोऽम्प्रत्ययवच्च A monosyllabic word ending in any vowel other than अ when followed by a word formed by a खित् affix receives the augment अम् which is added in the same way as the affix अम् of the Accusative -2nd case singular. atideśa
  69. 6.3.69 वाचंयमपुरंदरौ च वाचंयम and पुरंदर are irregularly formed.
  70. 6.3.70 कारे सत्यागदस्य मुम् is the augment of सत्य and अगद when the word कार follows.
  71. 6.3.71 श्येनतिलस्य पाते ञे मुम् is the augment of the words श्येन and तिल before पात when the affix ञ् follows.
  72. 6.3.72 रात्रेः कृति विभाषा The word रात्रि optionally takes मुम् augment before a word formed by कृत् affix.
  73. 6.3.73 नलोपो नञः The न of the Negative Particle नञ् is elided when it is the first member of a compound.
  74. 6.3.74 तस्मान्नुडचि After the above न-elided of the Negative Particle नञ् (i.e. after अ) is added the augment नुट् to a word beginning with a vowel.
  75. 6.3.75 नभ्राण्नपान्नवेदानासत्यानमुचिनकुलनखनपुंसकनक्षत्रनक्रनाकेषु प्रकृत्या The Negative Particle remains unchanged in - 1. नभ्राज् 2. नपात् 3. नवेदस् 4. नासत्या (dual) 5. नमुचि 6. नकुल 7. नख 8. नपुंसक 9. नक्षत्र 10. नक्र and 11. नाक.
  76. 6.3.76 एकादिश्चैकस्य चादुक् The Negative Particle remains unchanged in a word which begins with एक and of this एक there is the augment अदुक् (अद्).
  77. 6.3.77 नगोऽप्राणिष्वन्यतरस्याम् The Negative Particle is optionally retained unchanged in नगो when it does not mean a living animate being.
  78. 6.3.78 सहस्य सः संज्ञायाम् स is substituted for सह , in a Name.
  79. 6.3.79 ग्रन्थान्ताधिके च स is substituted for सह when it has the sense of 'up to the end'.
  80. 6.3.80 द्वितीये चानुपाख्ये स is substituted for सह when it is in connection with a word which refers to a second object which latter however is not directly perceived.
  81. 6.3.81 अव्ययीभावे चाकाले स is substituted for सह in an अव्ययीभाव समास when the second member is not a word denoting time.
  82. 6.3.82 वोपसर्जनस्य स is optionally substituted for सह when the compound is a बहुव्रीहि समास.
  83. 6.3.83 प्रकृत्याऽऽशिष्यगोवत्सहलेषु The word सह retains its original form when the sentence denotes benediction, except when it is गो , वत्स or हल.
  84. 6.3.84 समानस्य छन्दस्यमूर्धप्रभृत्युदर्केषु स is substituted for समान् in the छन्दस् (Vedas), but not before 1. मूर्धन् 2. प्रभृति and 3. उदर्क.
  85. 6.3.85 ज्योतिर्जनपदरात्रिनाभिनामगोत्ररूपस्थानवर्णवयोवचनबन्धुषु This substitution of स for समान् takes place before 1. ज्योतिस् 2. जनपद 3. रात्रि 4. गोत्र 5. रूप 6. स्थान 7. वर्ण 8. वयस् 9. वचन and 10. बन्धु in the common language also.
  86. 6.3.86 चरणे ब्रह्मचारिणि स is substituted for समान् before ब्रह्मचारिन् when it denotes persons engaged in fulfilling a common vow of studying the Vedas.
  87. 6.3.87 तीर्थे ये स is substituted for समान् before तीर्थ when the affix यत् is added to it.
  88. 6.3.88 विभाषोदरे स is optionally substituted for समान् before उदर when the affix यत् is added to it.
  89. 6.3.89 दृग्दृशवतुषु स is substituted for समान् before 1. दृग् 2. दृश and the affix वत्.
  90. 6.3.90 इदङ्किमोरीश्की ई is substituted for इदम् and की for किम् before the words 1. दृग् 2. दृश and the affix वत्.
  91. 6.3.91 आ सर्वनाम्नः आ is substituted for the final of the pronouns - सर्वादीनि सर्वनामानि (1.1.27), before the words 1. दृग् 2. दृश and the affix वत्.
  92. 6.3.92 विष्वग्देवयोश्च टेरद्र्यञ्चतावप्रत्यये In the room of the last consonant that follows it, of a pronoun and of the words विषवक् and देव is substituted अद्रि when अञ्च् with the affix व follows.
  93. 6.3.93 समः समि If the 'सम्' उपसर्ग is followed by an लुप्तप्रत्ययान्त-अञ्च् word, then 'सम्' is converted to 'समि'.
  94. 6.3.94 तिरसस्तिर्यलोपे If the word 'तिरस्' is followed by a लुप्तप्रत्ययान्त-अञ्च् word from which an अकार has not been removed, then the word 'तिरस्' is converted to 'तिरि'.
  95. 6.3.95 सहस्य सध्रिः If the word 'सह' is followed by an लुप्तप्रत्ययान्त-अञ्च् word, then 'सह' is converted to 'सध्रि'.
  96. 6.3.96 सध मादस्थयोश्छन्दसि सध is substituted for सह in the छन्दस् (Vedas) when माद and स्थ follow.
  97. 6.3.97 द्व्यन्तरुपसर्गेभ्योऽप ईत् After 1. द्वि 2. अन्तर and prepositions, long ई is the substitute of अप्.
  98. 6.3.98 ऊदनोर्देशे After अनु , ऊ is substituted for (the अ of) अप् when the sense is that of a locality.
  99. 6.3.99 अषष्ठ्यतृतीयास्थस्यान्यस्य दुगाशीराशाऽऽस्थाऽऽस्थितोत्सुकोतिकारकरागच्छेषु अन्य when not used in the Genitive 6th-Case or the Instrumental -3rd case gets the augment दुक् (द्) before 1. आशिस् 2. आशा 3. आस्था 4. उत्सुक 5. कारक and 6. राग as well as before the affix छ (ईय).
  100. 6.3.100 अर्थे विभाषा दुक् (द्) is optionally the augment of अन्य when अर्थ follows.
  101. 6.3.101 कोः कत् तत्पुरुषेऽचि कत् is substituted for कु in a तत्-पुरुष समास when a word beginning with a vowel follows as the second member.
  102. 6.3.102 रथवदयोश्च कत् is substituted for कु before रथ and वद.
  103. 6.3.103 तृणे च जातौ कत् is substituted for कु when तृण follows denoting a species.
  104. 6.3.104 का पथ्यक्षयोः का is the substitute of कु before पथिन् and अक्ष.
  105. 6.3.105 ईषदर्थे का is the substitute of कु when the meaning is 'a small'.
  106. 6.3.106 विभाषा पुरुषे का is optionally the substitute of कु when the word पुरुष follows.
  107. 6.3.107 कवं चोष्णे का and कवङ् are optionally the substitutes of कु when उष्ण follows.
  108. 6.3.108 पथि च च्छन्दसि This substitution of का and कव for कु takes place in the छन्दस् (Vedas) before पथ.
  109. 6.3.109 पृषोदरादीनि यथोपदिष्टम् The elision, augment and mutation of letters to be seen in पृषोदर etc. though not found taught in the treatises of Grammar, are valid to that extent and in the mode, as taught by the usage of the sages.
  110. 6.3.110 संख्याविसायपूर्वस्याह्नस्याहन्नन्यतरस्यां ङौ When the word अह्न appears as an उत्तरपद in a समास where the पूर्वपद is either a number, or the words वि or साय, it is optionally converted to अहन् in presence of the प्रत्यय ङि.
  111. 6.3.111 ढ्रलोपे पूर्वस्य दीर्घोऽणः When a ढकार is deleted due to a ढकार that follows it, or when a रेफ is deleted due to a रेफ that follows the अण् letter occurring before the deleted ढकार/रेफ becomes दीर्घ.
  112. 6.3.112 सहिवहोरोदवर्णस्य For the verbs सह् and वह्, when a ढकार is deleted due to a ढकार that follows it, the अकार occurring before the deleted ढकार is converted to ओ.
  113. 6.3.113 साढ्यै साढ्वा साढेति निगमे 1. साढ्यै 2. साढ्वा and 3. साढा are irregularly formed in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  114. 6.3.114 संहितायाम् In the following sūtras up to the end of the पाद are to be supplied the words 'in an uninterrupted flow of speech'. adhikāra
  115. 6.3.115 कर्णे लक्षणस्याविष्टाष्टपञ्चमणिभिन्नछिन्नछिद्रस्रुवस्वस्तिकस्य Before कर्ण there is the substitution of a long vowel for the final of the preceding word when it denotes a proprietorship mark or the ears of cattle, but not when the words 1. विष्ट 2. अष्टन् 3. पञ्चन् 4. मणि 5. भिन्न 6. छिन्न 7. छिद्र 8. स्रुव and 9. स्वस्तिक.
  116. 6.3.116 नहिवृतिवृषिव्यधिरुचिसहितनिषु क्वौ A long vowel is substituted for the final vowel of the preceding word, before the verbs 1. नह् 2. वृत् 3. वृष् 4. व्यध् 5. रुच् 6. सह् and 7. तन् when these roots take the affix क्वि.
  117. 6.3.117 वनगिर्योः संज्ञायां कोटरकिंशुलकादीनाम् For the final vowel of कोटर etc. a long vowel is substituted before वन and also of किंशुलक etc. before गिरि when the compound is a name.
  118. 6.3.118 वले The final of the preceding word is lengthened before the affix वल.
  119. 6.3.119 मतौ बह्वचोऽनजिरादीनाम् The final vowel of a word consisting of more than two syllables in lengthened before the affix मत् when it is a name, but not of the words अजिर् etc.
  120. 6.3.120 शरादीनां च The final vowel of शर etc. is lengthened before मत् when it is a name.
  121. 6.3.121 इकः वहेऽपीलोः The final इ and the उ of a word with the exception of पीलु are lengthened before वह.
  122. 6.3.122 उपसर्गस्य घञ्यमनुष्ये बहुलम् The final vowel of a preposition is diversely lengthened before a word formed by the कृत् affix घञ् but not when the compound denotes a human being.
  123. 6.3.123 इकः काशे A preposition ending in इ or उ lengthens its final before काश.
  124. 6.3.124 दस्ति A preposition ending in इ or उ lengthens its final before the verb दा when the latter is changed to त.
  125. 6.3.125 अष्टनः संज्ञायाम् A long vowel is substituted for the final of अष्टन् before a second member, when the compound is a Name.
  126. 6.3.126 छन्दसि च In the छन्दस् (Vedas) also, the long vowel is substituted for the final of अष्टन् before a second member.
  127. 6.3.127 चितेः कपि The final word of चिति is lengthened before the affix कप्.
  128. 6.3.128 विश्वस्य वसुराटोः The final vowel of विश्व is lengthened before वसु and राट् (the form assumed by राज्).
  129. 6.3.129 नरे संज्ञायाम् The final vowel of विश्व is lengthened before नर when the compound is a Name.
  130. 6.3.130 मित्रे चर्षौ The final vowel of विश्व is lengthened before मित्र when it is the name of a ऋषि.
  131. 6.3.131 मन्त्रे सोमाश्वेन्द्रियविश्वदेव्यस्य मतौ In a मन्त्र the final vowels of 1. सोम 2. अश्व 3. इन्द्रिय and 4. विश्वदेव्य are lengthened when the affix मतुप् follows.
  132. 6.3.132 ओषधेश्च विभक्तावप्रथमायाम् In a मन्त्र the final of ओषधि is lengthened before the case-endings but not in the Nominative 1st-Case.
  133. 6.3.133 ऋचि तुनुघमक्षुतङ्कुत्रोरुष्याणाम् In the ऋग्वेद the finals of the particles 1. तु 2. नु 3. घ 4. मक्षु , the tense-affix तङ् , कु the ending त्र and the word उरुष्य are lengthened.
  134. 6.3.134 इकः सुञि In a मन्त्र the finals of the preceding member ending in इ or उ are lengthened before the particle सु.
  135. 6.3.135 द्व्यचोऽतस्तिङः A tense affix ending in अ is lengthened in the ऋग्वेद when the verb consists of two syllables.
  136. 6.3.136 निपातस्य च In the ऋग्वेद the final of a particle is lengthened.
  137. 6.3.137 अन्येषामपि दृश्यते The elongation of the final is to be found in other words also.
  138. 6.3.138 चौ When the अञ्च् word is in a state where its अकार and नकार have been removed, it causes the दीर्घ of the previous अण् letter.
  139. 6.3.139 सम्प्रसारणस्य The vowel substituted for a semi-vowel is lengthened when it stands as the first member of a compound.

Pāda 6.4 aṅga operations begin

6.4.1 aṅgasya opens the stem section (to 7.4.97). Lengthening, nasal deletion (6.4.37), the past-tense augment a- (6.4.71), and from 6.4.22 a block treated as asiddha among itself; bha-stem operations (6.4.129ff, e.g. 6.4.148). map →

  1. 6.4.1 अङ्गस्य In all the rules starting from this sutra till the end of the seventh chapter the word 'अङ्गस्य' should be included while interpreting the sutras. adhikāra
  2. 6.4.2 हलः The letter which has been generated using सम्प्रसारणम् and which occurs at end of an अङ्ग becomes दीर्घ when there is a हल् letter which occurs just before it in that अङ्ग.
  3. 6.4.3 नामि In presence of the नाम् प्रत्यय, the last letter of the अङ्ग becomes दीर्घ.
  4. 6.4.4 न तिसृचतसृ The words तिसृ and चतसृ do not become दीर्घ in presence of the नाम् प्रत्यय.
  5. 6.4.5 छन्दस्युभयथा In presence of the नाम् प्रत्यय, the last letter of the अङ्ग might or might not be made दीर्घ in वेदाः.
  6. 6.4.6 नृ च In presence of the नाम् प्रत्यय, the last letter of the word नृ becomes दीर्घ optionally.
  7. 6.4.7 नोपधायाः The उपधा of the नकारान्त words becomes दीर्घ when the नकारान्त word is followed by the नाम्-प्रत्यय.
  8. 6.4.8 सर्वनामस्थाने चासम्बुद्धौ The उपधा letter of a नकारान्त अङ्ग becomes दीर्घ when followed by a प्रत्यय which is a सर्वनामस्थान other than सम्बोधन-एकवचन.
  9. 6.4.9 वा षपूर्वस्य निगमे When followed by a प्रत्यय which is a सर्वनामस्थान other than सम्बोधन-एकवचन, the उपधा स्वर of a नकारान्त अङ्ग becomes optionally दीर्घ in वेदाः, if that उपधा स्वर is preceded by a षकार.
  10. 6.4.10 सान्तमहतः संयोगस्य The स्वर preceding the नकार from (a) महत् and (b) any word that ends in न्स् - becomes दीर्घ in presence of प्रत्यय that is also a सर्वनामस्थान, other than सम्बोधन-एकवचन.
  11. 6.4.11 अप्तृन्तृच्स्वसृनप्तृनेष्टृत्वष्टृक्षत्तृहोतृपोतृप्रशास्तॄणाम् The उपधा letter of the words अप्, स्वसृ, नप्तृ, नेष्टृ, त्वष्टृ, क्षत्तृ, होतृ, पोतृ, and प्रशातृ, and also of the words ending in a तृन् or तृच् प्रत्यय becomes दीर्घ in presence of a प्रत्यय that is also a सर्वनामस्थान, other than सम्बोधन-एकवचन.
  12. 6.4.12 इन्हन्पूषार्यम्णां शौ For the words हन्, पूषन् and अर्यमन्, and for also the words that end in 'इन्', the उपधादीर्घ happens only in case of the 'शि' प्रत्यय, and not in case of other सर्वनामस्थानप्रत्ययाः.
  13. 6.4.13 सौ च For the words हन्, पूषन् and अर्यमन्, and for also the words that end in 'इन्', the उपधादीर्घ happens in case of the सुँ-प्रत्यय of प्रथमा-एकवचन.
  14. 6.4.14 अत्वसन्तस्य चाधातोः The उपधा of the words ending in either मत्, वत्, or अस् becomes दीर्घ in presence of the सुँ-प्रत्यय of प्रथमा एकवचन, provided these words do not end in a धातु.
  15. 6.4.15 अनुनासिकस्य क्विझलोः क्ङिति If an अङ्ग ends in an अनुनासिक, the उपधा letter of that अङ्ग becomes दीर्घ in presence of a क्विप्-प्रत्यय, झलादि-कित्-प्रत्यय and a झलादि-ङित्-प्रत्यय.
  16. 6.4.16 अज्झनगमां सनि The lengthening of the vowel takes place in the case of a अङ्ग (stem) ending in a vowel, as well as of हन् and गम् when the Desiderative affix सन् being झलादि (i.e. not taking the augment इट्) follows.
  17. 6.4.17 तनोतेर्विभाषा the lengthened of the अङ्ग (stem) of तन् is optional before the Desiderative सन् when it does not take the augment इट्.
  18. 6.4.18 क्रमश्च क्त्वि The उपधा letter of the verb-root 'क्रम्' undergoes an optional दीर्घादेश when followed by a झलादि क्त्वा प्रत्यय.
  19. 6.4.19 च्छ्वोः शूडनुनासिके च The last 'त्छ्' of an अङ्ग is converted to 'श्', and the last 'व्' of an अङ्ग is converted to 'ऊठ्' when followed by an अनुनासिकादि or झलादि प्रत्यय that is either कित् or ङित् .
  20. 6.4.20 ज्वरत्वरस्रिव्यविमवामुपधायाश्च In 1. ज्वर 2. त्वर् 3. श्रिव् 4. अव and 5. मव् before the above mentioned affixes (क्वि and झलादि ङित् and कित् affixes -- अनुनासिकस्य क्विझलोः क्ङिति (6.4.15)) there is the single substitution of ऊठ् for the and the vowel preceding the final consonant.
  21. 6.4.21 राल्लोपः After र् there is the elision of छ् and व् before क्वि and झलादि ङित् and कित् affixes -- अनुनासिकस्य क्विझलोः क्ङिति (6.4.15).
  22. 6.4.22 असिद्धवदत्राभात् All the sutras present from here onward till the the end of this पाद should be considered as असिद्ध towards each other when they are invoked in such a way that their आश्रयs are exactly the same. adhikāraatideśa
  23. 6.4.23 श्नान्नलोपः After न which is added to the roots of the रुधादिगणः (7th Conjugation) as a गणविकरण - श्नम् (characteristic), there is the elision of the following न.
  24. 6.4.24 अनिदितां हल उपधायाः क्ङिति The उपधा नकार of an अङ्ग that is अनिदित् and हलन्त is removed in presence of a कित् or a ङित्-प्रत्यय.
  25. 6.4.25 दंशसञ्जस्वञ्जां शपि The उपधा-नकार of the verbs दंश्, सञ्ज् and स्वञ्ज् is removed in presence of the विकरणप्रत्यय शप् .
  26. 6.4.26 रञ्जेश्च The उपधा-नकार of the verb रञ्ज् is removed in presence of the विकरणप्रत्यय शप्.
  27. 6.4.27 घञि च भावकरणयोः When followed by the घञ्-प्रत्यय in the meaning of भाव or करण the उपधा-नकार of the verb root रञ्ज् is removed.
  28. 6.4.28 स्यदो जवे The word स्यद् is formed by घञ् in the sense of 'speed'.
  29. 6.4.29 अवोदैधौद्मप्रश्रथहिमश्रथाः 1. अवोद 2. एध 3. ओद्म 4. प्रश्रथ and 5. हिमश्रथ are irregularly formed by the elision.
  30. 6.4.30 नाञ्चेः पूजायाम् When used in the meaning of 'to pray', the नकार of the verb root अञ्च् is not removed.
  31. 6.4.31 क्त्वि स्कन्दिस्यन्दोः In presence of the क्त्वा प्रत्यय, the उपधा-नकार of the verb roots स्कन्द् and स्यन्द् is not removed.
  32. 6.4.32 जान्तनशां विभाषा The उपधा नकार of the जकारान्त verb roots and the verb root 'नश्' is optionally removed when followed by the क्त्वा प्रत्यय.
  33. 6.4.33 भञ्जेश्च चिणि The nasal may be optionally elided in भञ्ज before the 3rd person passive of the Aorist in चिण् (ई).
  34. 6.4.34 शास इदङ्हलोः Before the Aorist in अङ् and before an affix beginning with a consonant having an indicatory क् or ङ् there is the substitution of ई for the vowel of शास्.
  35. 6.4.35 शा हौ The शास्-धातु gets the 'शा' आदेश when followed by the हि-प्रत्यय of लोट्लकार.
  36. 6.4.36 हन्तेर्जः The 'हन्' धातु gets the 'ज' आदेश when followed by the हि-प्रत्यय of लोट्लकार.
  37. 6.4.37 अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिक लोपो झलि क्ङिति 1) For the verb roots that end in an अनुनासिक letter and have an अनुदात्त स्वर in the उपदेश, 2) For the verb root वन्, and 3) For the verb roots that end in an अनुनासिक letter and belong to the तनोत्यादिगण, The अनुनासिक is removed when the verb is followed by a झलादि कित् /ङित् प्रत्यय.
  38. 6.4.38 वा ल्यपि The nasal above the roots (i.e. अनुदात्त ending in a nasal and वन and तनादि) is optionally elided before the Absolutive affix ल्यप्.
  39. 6.4.39 न क्तिचि दीर्घश्च Before the affix क्तिच् the above roots (वन and तनादि) neither drop their nasal nor lengthen their root-vowel.
  40. 6.4.40 गमः क्वौ The nasal of गम् is always elided before क्वि.
  41. 6.4.41 विड्वनोरनुनासिकस्यात् A stem ending in a nasal and followed by the affix विट् or वन् always substitutes for long आ for its nasal.
  42. 6.4.42 जनसनखनां सञ्झलोः The long आ is substituted for the final of जन् , सन् and खन् before the consonant beginning Desiderative affix सन् and before any other affix beginning with a इल् consonant which has an indicatory क् or ङ्.
  43. 6.4.43 ये विभाषा There is optionally the substitution of long आ for the finals of जन् , सन् and खन् before the affix beginning with य and marked with an indicatory क् or ङ्.
  44. 6.4.44 तनोतेर्यकि The long आ is optionally substituted for the final of तन् before the Passive characteristic यक्.
  45. 6.4.45 सनः क्तिचि लोपश्चास्यान्यतरस्याम् The long आ is optionally substituted for the final of सन् before the affix क्तिच् and there is also optional elision of the nasal.
  46. 6.4.46 आर्धधातुके From this up to युप्लुवोर्दीर्घश्छन्दसि (6.4.68), inclusive, is always to be supplied the words ' before an affix called आर्धधातुक -- आर्द्धधातुकं शेषः (3.4.114) etc.' adhikāra
  47. 6.4.47 भ्रस्जो रोपधयोः रमन्यतरस्याम् When followed by an आर्धधातुक प्रत्यय, रेफ and the उपधावर्ण of the the verb root gets the 'रम्' आगम.
  48. 6.4.48 अतो लोपः The अ standing at the end of a अङ्ग (stem) is elided before an आर्धधातुक affix.
  49. 6.4.49 यस्य हलः When a consonant precedes the final य in a verbal अङ्ग (stem) this य is also elided before an आर्धधातुक affix.
  50. 6.4.50 क्यस्य विभाषा The elision of य of he Denominative अङ्ग (stem) (क्य) is optional when preceded by a consonant and followed by an आर्धधातुक affix.
  51. 6.4.51 णेरनिटि The इ of the verbal अङ्ग (stem) formed with the affix णि is elided before an आर्धधातुक affix which does not take the augment इट् .
  52. 6.4.52 निष्ठायां सेटि The affix णि is elided before the affixes क्त and क्तवतु when these take the augment इट् .
  53. 6.4.53 जनिता मन्त्रे In a मन्त्र the word जनिता is formed irregularly by the elision of णि before the affix तृ with the augment इट् .
  54. 6.4.54 शमिता यज्ञे शमिता is formed irregularly by the elision of णि before an इट् augmented affix when meaning a sacrificial act.
  55. 6.4.55 अयामन्ताल्वाय्येत्न्विष्णुषु अय् is substituted for the इ of णि before the affixes 1. आम् 2. अन्त 3. आलु 4. आय्य 5. इत्नु and 6. इष्णु.
  56. 6.4.56 ल्यपि लघुपूर्वात् अय् is substituted for the इ of णि before the Absolutive affix ल्यप् when the vowel preceding the इ is light.
  57. 6.4.57 विभाषापः अय् is optionally substituted for the इ of णि before the Absolutive affix ल्यप् , after the verb आप्.
  58. 6.4.58 युप्लुवोर्दीर्घश्छन्दसि In यु and प्लु , long is substituted for उ in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  59. 6.4.59 क्षियः A long is substituted for the इ of क्षि before the Absolutive affix ल्यप्.
  60. 6.4.60 निष्ठायामण्यदर्थे A long is substituted for the इ in क्षि before the Past Participle in क्त when it is not in the sense of the future Passive Participle in ण्यत्.
  61. 6.4.61 वाक्रोशदैन्ययोः The long is optionally substituted for the इ in क्षि before the Past Participle in क्त when it is not in the sense of the future Passive Participle in ण्यत् when the word means 'imprecation' or 'a miserable plight'.
  62. 6.4.62 स्यसिच्सीयुट्तासिषु भावकर्मणोरुपदेशेऽज्झनग्रहदृशां वा चिण्वदिट् च Before the affixes 1. स्य (First future and Conditional) 2. सिच् (S-Aorist) 3. सीयुद् (Benedictive) and 4. तासि (Periphrastic Future), when they are used in the भाव (Impersonal) and कर्म (Passive) voices 1. the verbal stems ending in a vowel in the Grammatical system of instruction (उपदेश), as well as the verbs 2. हन् 'to kill' 3. ग्रह् 'to seize' and 4. दृश् 'to see' are treated optionally in the same way as in the 3rd Person of the Passive Aorist in चिण् and when so treated, they have the augment इट् . atideśa
  63. 6.4.63 दीङो युडचि क्ङिति युट् is the augment of दीङ् of an आर्धधातुक affix beginning with a vowel and having an indicatory क् or ङ्.
  64. 6.4.64 आतो लोप इटि च The final आ of a root is elided before an आर्धधातुक affix with the augment इट् as well as when it begins with a vowel and has an indicatory क् or ङ्.
  65. 6.4.65 ईद्यति The final आ of a अङ्ग (stem) is changed into ई before the कृत् affix यत्.
  66. 6.4.66 घुमास्थागापाजहातिसां हलि For the final of the roots of the form of दा and घा (घु), as well as for that of the roots 1. मा 2. स्था 3. गा 4. पा 5. हा (जुहाति) and 6. सा (सो), there is substituted ई before an आर्धधातुक affix beginning with a consonant which has an indicatory क् or ङ्.
  67. 6.4.67 एर्लिङि ए is substituted for the आ of the above roots (1. मा 2. स्था 3. गा 4. पा 5. हा (जुहाति) and 6. सा (सो)) in the Benedictive Mood Active.
  68. 6.4.68 वाऽन्यस्य संयोगादेः For the final आ of any other root than those mentioned in घुमास्थागापाजहातिसां हलि (6.4.66), ए may optionally be substituted in the Benedictive active, when the root begins with a conjunct consonant.
  69. 6.4.69 न ल्यपि The ई substitution for आ under sūtra घुमास्थागापाजहातिसां हलि (6.4.66) does not apply when the absolutive affix ल्यप् follows 1. मा 2. स्था 3. गा 4. पा 5. हा (जुहाति) 6. सा and 7. घु.
  70. 6.4.70 मयतेरिदन्यतरस्याम् इ may optionally be substituted for the आ of मा (मयति) before ल्यप् .
  71. 6.4.71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः In case of the लुङ्लकार, लङ्लकार and लृङ्लकार, the अङ्ग gets an 'अट्' आगम, which is also उदात्त.
  72. 6.4.72 आडजादीनाम् For the लुङ्लकार, लङ्लकार and लृङ्लकार, an अजादि अङ्ग gets an आट्-आगम, which is also उदात्त.
  73. 6.4.73 छन्दस्यपि दृश्यते In वेदाः , even the verbs that are not अजादि can be seen to get आट्-आगम for लुङ्लकार, लङ्लकार, and लृङ्लकार.
  74. 6.4.74 न माङ्योगे In presence of the अव्यय माङ्, the अडागमः / आडागमः does not happen even in case of लुङ्लकार, लङ्लकार, and लृङ्लकार
  75. 6.4.75 बहुलं छन्दस्यमाङ्योगेऽपि In वेदाः, the अडागम आडागम may or may not be seen done in presence of माङ्.
  76. 6.4.76 इरयो रे रे is diversely substituted for इरे in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  77. 6.4.77 अचि श्नुधातुभ्रुवां य्वोरियङुवङौ When followed by an अजादि प्रत्यय, the ending इवर्ण and the उवर्ण are converted respectively to इयङ् / उवङ् आदेशs for a) विकरणप्रत्यय श्नु, b) Any धातु, and c) The word भ्रू.
  78. 6.4.78 अभ्यासस्यासवर्णे An इवर्ण and an उवर्ण occurring at end of an अभ्यास respectively get इयङ् and उवङ् आदेश when followed by an असवर्ण letter.
  79. 6.4.79 स्त्रियाः The word 'स्त्री' gets an इयङ्-आदेश when followed by an अजादि प्रत्यय.
  80. 6.4.80 वाऽम्शसोः The word 'स्त्री' gets an इयङ्-आदेश optionally when followed by अम् प्रत्यय or शस् प्रत्यय.
  81. 6.4.81 इणो यण् The verb root इण् gets a यणादेश when followed by an अच् letter.
  82. 6.4.82 एरनेकाचोऽसंयोगपूर्वस्य An इवर्ण occurring at end of an a असंयोगपूर्व धातु which in turn occurs at end of an अनेकाच् अङ्ग is converted to यण् letter when followed by an अजादिप्रत्यय.
  83. 6.4.83 ओः सुपि An उवर्ण occurring at end of an a असंयोगपूर्व धातु which in turn occurs at end of an अनेकाच् अङ्ग is converted to यण् letter when followed by a सुप् अजादिप्रत्यय.
  84. 6.4.84 वर्षाभ्वश्च The word वर्षाभू gets a यणादेश when followed by an अजादि-सुप्-प्रत्यय.
  85. 6.4.85 न भूसुधियोः The words भू and सुधी do not undergo यणादेश when followed by अजादि सुप् प्रत्यय.
  86. 6.4.86 छन्दस्युभयथा In वेदाः, the words भू and सुधी might or might not undergo a यणादेश when followed by an अजादि सुप् प्रत्यय.
  87. 6.4.87 हुश्नुवोः सार्वधातुके The उवर्ण of an अनेकाच्-अङ्ग of 'हु' तथा 'श्नु' undergoes a यणादेश, provided that this उवर्ण does not follow a संयोग.
  88. 6.4.88 भुवो वुग्लुङ्लिटोः The verb root 'भू' gets a वुक् आगम when followed by an अजादि-प्रत्यय of लुङ्लकार or लिट्लकार.
  89. 6.4.89 ऊदुपधाया गोहः When the उपधा of verb root गुह् has a chance of undergoing a गुणादेश while followed by an अजादिप्रत्यय, the गुणादेश is blocked and the उपधा becomes दीर्घ instead.
  90. 6.4.90 दोषो णौ The उपधा letter of the verb root दुष् is converted to ऊकार when followed by the णिच् प्रत्यय.
  91. 6.4.91 वा चित्तविरागे To indicate impurification of mind / intellect, the उपधा letter of the verb root दुष् is optionally converted to ऊकार when followed by the णिच् प्रत्यय.
  92. 6.4.92 मितां ह्रस्वः The उपधा letter of a मित्संज्ञक अङ्ग becomes ह्रस्व when followed by the णिच् प्रत्यय.
  93. 6.4.93 चिण्णमुलोर्दीर्घोऽन्यतरस्याम् Optionally a long may be substituted for the penultimate of the causative of मित् roots, before the third person of the Passive Aorist in चिण् (इ) and before the Absolutive affix णमुल् (अम्).
  94. 6.4.94 खचि ह्रस्वः The penultimate of the Causative अङ्ग (stem) is shortened before the affix खच्.
  95. 6.4.95 ह्लादो निष्ठायाम् The penultimate of the Causative of ह्लद् (ह्लादि) is shortened before the Participle affixes क्त and क्तवतु.
  96. 6.4.96 छादेर्घेऽद्व्युपसर्गस्य The penultimate of चुरादि (10th Conjugation) - छद् is shortened before the affix घ -- पुंसि संज्ञायां घः प्रायेण (3.3.118), when not preceded by two prepositions (or more).
  97. 6.4.97 इस्मन्त्रन्क्विषु च The penultimate of छादि is shortened before the affixes 1. इस् 2. मन् 3. त्रन् and 4. क्वि.
  98. 6.4.98 गमहनजनखनघसां लोपः क्ङित्यनङि The उपधा letter of the verb roots गम्, हन्, जन्, खन्, घस् is removed when followed by a कित् / ङित् प्रत्यय, except for the अङ् प्रत्यय.
  99. 6.4.99 तनिपत्योश्छन्दसि In the छन्दस् (Vedas) the root-vowel of तन् and पत् is elided before an affix beginning with a vowel, when it has an indicatory क् or ङ् .
  100. 6.4.100 घसिभसोर्हलि च The root-vowel of घस् and भस् is elided in the छन्दस् (Vedas) before any affix whether beginning with a vowel or a consonant which has an indicatory क् or ङ् .
  101. 6.4.101 हुझल्भ्यो हेर्धिः The 'हि' प्रत्यय that follows the verb root 'हु' or a झल् letter is converted to 'धि'.
  102. 6.4.102 श्रुशृणुपॄकृवृभ्यश्छन्दसि धि is substituted for the Imperative affix हि in the छन्दस् (Vedas) after 1. श्रु 2. शृणु 3. पॄ 4. कृ and 5. वृ.
  103. 6.4.103 अङितश्च धि is substituted for the Imperative affix हि when the tense-affix is not ङित्.
  104. 6.4.104 चिणो लुक् The तिङ् प्रत्यय that follows the चिण् विकरणप्रत्यय undergoes a लुक्.
  105. 6.4.105 अतो हेः The 'हि' प्रत्यय that follows an अदन्त अङ्ग is removed.
  106. 6.4.106 उतश्च प्रत्ययादसंयोगपूर्वात् The 'हि' प्रत्यय that follows an उकार is deleted, provided - a) The उकार occurs at end of a प्रत्यय, and b) A संयोग is not present immediately before this उकार.
  107. 6.4.107 लोपश्चास्यान्यतरस्यां म्वोः The उकार which occurs at end of a प्रत्यय is optionally deleted when followed by a मकार / वकार , provided that a संयोग is not present immediately before this उकार.
  108. 6.4.108 नित्यं करोतेः The उकार occurring at end of a प्रत्यय that is attached to the verb root कृ is removed when followed by a मकार or a वकार.
  109. 6.4.109 ये च The उकार occurring at end of a प्रत्यय that is attached to the verb root कृ is removed when followed by a यकार.
  110. 6.4.110 अत उत् सार्वधातुके If an अङ्ग of verb root कृ ends in an उकारान्त प्रत्यय, then the अकार of that अङ्ग is converted to उकार when followed by a कित् / ङित् प्रत्यय.
  111. 6.4.111 श्नसोरल्लोपः The अकार of the 'श्नम्' विकरण and of the verb root 'अस्' is removed when followed by a सार्वधातुक किति / ङित् प्रत्यय.
  112. 6.4.112 श्नाऽभ्यस्तयोरातः The आकार of the विकरण श्ना and also of an अभ्यस्त is removed when followed by a सार्वधातुक कित् and ङित् प्रत्यय.
  113. 6.4.113 ई हल्यघोः The आकार of the विकरण श्ना and also of an अभ्यस्त is converted to ई when followed by a हलादि सार्वधातुक कित् and ङित् प्रत्यय. But this does not happen for the verb roots that get the term 'घु'.
  114. 6.4.114 इद्दरिद्रस्य The आकार of the verb root 'दरिद्रा' is converted to ह्रस्व-इकार when followed by हलादि-सार्वधातुक कित्/ङित्-प्रत्यय.
  115. 6.4.115 भियोऽन्यतरस्याम् The last letter of the अङ्ग of verb root 'भी' is optionally converted to ह्रस्व-इकार when followed by हलादि-सार्वधातुक कित्/ङित्-प्रत्यय.
  116. 6.4.116 जहातेश्च The verb root 'हा' is converted to ह्रस्व-इकार when followed by हलादि-सार्वधातुक कित्/ङित्-प्रत्यय.
  117. 6.4.117 आ च हौ The verb root 'हा' gets an optional इकारादेश or an आकारादेश when followed by the प्रत्यय 'हि'.
  118. 6.4.118 लोपो यि The last letter of हा is removed when followed by a यकारादि प्रत्यय.
  119. 6.4.119 घ्वसोरेद्धावभ्यासलोपश्च The घु-संज्ञक verb roots and the verb root अस् get an एकार as आदेश when followed by the 'हि' प्रत्यय. Also, अभ्यास, if present, is removed.
  120. 6.4.120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि When followed by a कित्-प्रत्यय of लिट्-लकार, The अकारः of an अङ्गम् is converted to एकार, and the अभ्यास is removed; provided that there is no संयोग before as well as after this अकार, and that the first letter of the अङ्गम् is not changed due to any आदेश.
  121. 6.4.121 थलि च सेटि ए is substituted for अ of a verbal अङ्ग (stem) standing between two simple consonants, the अङ्ग (stem) not having any different letter substituted in the reduplicate when the ending थल् of the लिट् (Perfect Tense) having the augment इट् follows and thereby the reduplicate is elided.
  122. 6.4.122 तॄफलभजत्रपश्च ए is substituted for अ of 1. तॄ 2. फल 3. भज and 4. त्रप and the reduplicate is elided when the affixes of the लिट् (Perfect Tense) having an indicatory क् (or ङ्) follow, as well as when थल् of the लिट् (Perfect Tense) having the augment इट् follows.
  123. 6.4.123 राधो हिंसायाम् ए is substituted for आ of राध when meaning 'to hurt someone' and the reduplicate is elided before the affixes क् (or ङ्) or as well as before थल् of the लिट् (Perfect Tense) having the augment इट्.
  124. 6.4.124 वा जॄभ्रमुत्रसाम् ए is optionally substituted for अ of the अङ्ग (stems) 1. जर् (जॄ) 2. भ्रम and 3. त्रस् and the reduplicate is thereby elided before the affixes of the लिट् (Perfect Tense) having an indicatory क् (or ङ्)
  125. 6.4.125 फणां च सप्तानाम् ए is optionally substituted for अ and आ of the seven roots 1. फण् 2. राज् 3. भ्राज् 4. भ्राश् 5. श्लाश् 6. स्याम् and 7. स्वन् and the reduplicate is elided thereby, before the affixes of the लिट् (Perfect Tense) having an indicatory क् (or ङ्) as well as before थल् of the लिट् (Perfect Tense) having the augment इट्.
  126. 6.4.126 न शसददवादिगुणानाम् ए is not substituted for अ of शस् , दद् or of roots beginning with a व् or of such verbal अङ्ग (stems) in which the अ results through the substitution being कित् or ङित् follow, of the सेट् थल् of the लिट् (Perfect Tense) nor is the reduplicate elided.
  127. 6.4.127 अर्वणस्त्रसावनञः तृ (which is changed to न्त् in the strong cases and forms the feminine in ई unaccented) is substituted for the final of the अङ्ग (stem) अर्वन् , except in the Nominative 1st-Case singular or when the word is joined with the Negative particle.
  128. 6.4.128 मघवा बहुलम् तृ is diversely substituted for the final of मघवन्.
  129. 6.4.129 भस्य All the rules starting from this sutra, till the end of the sixth chapter are being told for a भसंज्ञक. adhikāra
  130. 6.4.130 पादः पत् The भसंज्ञक अङ्ग of the word पाद् gets पद् as आदेश.
  131. 6.4.131 वसोः सम्प्रसारणम् A भसंज्ञक अङ्ग ending in a वसुँ प्रत्यय undergoes सम्प्रसारणम्.
  132. 6.4.132 वाह ऊठ् भसंज्ञक वाह् is converted to 'ऊठ्' by सम्प्रसारणम्.
  133. 6.4.133 श्वयुवमघोनामतद्धिते The भसंज्ञक अङ्ग of श्वन् , युवन् and मघवन् undergoes सम्प्रसारणम् when followed by a प्रत्यय which is not a तद्धितप्रत्यय.
  134. 6.4.134 अल्लोपोऽनः If a भसंज्ञक अङ्ग ends in the word 'अन्' then the 'अ' of this 'अन्' is omitted.
  135. 6.4.135 षपूर्वहन्धृतराज्ञामणि The उपधा-अकार of a भसंज्ञकस्य अङ्ग is omitted in presence of an अण्-प्रत्यय, if the अङ्ग ends in one of (1) षन्, (2) हन् or (3) धृतराजन् .
  136. 6.4.136 विभाषा ङिश्योः If a भसंज्ञक अङ्ग end in the word 'अन्' and is followed by the ङि or शी प्रत्यय, then the 'अ' of this 'अन्' is omitted optionally.
  137. 6.4.137 न संयोगाद्वमन्तात् For a भसंज्ञक अङ्ग which ends in an 'अन्', and also contains a मकारान्त / वकारान्त संयोगवर्ण before this अन्, the 'अ' of अन् does not get omitted.
  138. 6.4.138 अचः The अकार of the word अच् that occurs at end of a भसंज्ञक अङ्ग is omitted if this 'अच्' happens to be derived from the धातु अञ्च् (गतौ).
  139. 6.4.139 उद ईत् If the word अच् - (1) happens to be derived from the धातु अञ्च् (गतौ) , (2) follows the word उद्, and (3) gets the भसंज्ञा, then the अकार of अच् is converted to ईकार.
  140. 6.4.140 आतो धातोः The ending आकार of the भसंज्ञक अङ्ग of an आकारान्त धातु is removed.
  141. 6.4.141 मन्त्रेष्वाङ्यादेरात्मनः In the मन्त्र-s , the beginning of आत्मन् is elided when the affix of the Instrumental -3rd case singular follows.
  142. 6.4.142 ति विंशतेर्डिति The 'ति' of the भसंज्ञक 'विंशति' word is removed.
  143. 6.4.143 टेः The 'टि'component of a भसंज्ञक अङ्ग is removed when followed by a डित् प्रत्यय.
  144. 6.4.144 नस्तद्धिते The टिसंज्ञक of a नकारान्त भसंज्ञक अङ्ग is removed when followed by a तद्धितप्रत्यय.
  145. 6.4.145 अह्नष्टखोरेव The अ of अहन् is elided only before the affixes ट and ख.
  146. 6.4.146 ओर्गुणः An उवर्णान्त भसंज्ञक undergoes a गुणादेश when followed by a तद्धितप्रत्यय.
  147. 6.4.147 ढे लोपोऽकद्र्वाः The last letter of an उवर्णान्त-भसंज्ञक word is removed when followed by a ढकारादि-तद्धितप्रत्यय. But this does not happen for the word 'कद्रू'.
  148. 6.4.148 यस्येति च The अकार and इकार of a भसंज्ञक अङ्ग is removed when followed by a तद्धितप्रत्यय or an ईकार.
  149. 6.4.149 सूर्यतिष्यागस्त्यमत्स्यानां य उपधायाः Of the भ अङ्ग (stems) 1. सूर्य 2. तिष्य 3. अगस्त्य and 4. मत्स्य (and their derivatives when they are भ) the penultimate य् is also is also elided before a तद्धित affix.
  150. 6.4.150 हलस्तद्धितस्य The य् of a तद्धित affix when preceded by a consonant and penultimate in a अङ्ग (stem), is elided before the feminine ई.
  151. 6.4.151 आपत्यस्य च तद्धितेऽनाति The य् of a Patronymic affix, preceded by a consonant, is elided before a तद्धित when it does not begin with an आ.
  152. 6.4.152 क्यच्व्योश्च The य् of a Patronymic affix, preceded by a consonant, is elided before the Denominative affix क्य and the adverbial affix च्वि.
  153. 6.4.153 बिल्वकादिभ्यश्छस्य लुक् The affix छ of the भ अङ्ग (stems) बिल्वक etc. is elided before a तद्धित affix.
  154. 6.4.154 तुरिष्ठेमेयस्सु The affix तृ is elided before the affixes 1. इष्ठन् 2. इमनिव् and 3. ईयसुन्.
  155. 6.4.155 टेः The last vowel, with the consonant, if any, that follows it, is elided when the affixes 1. इष्ठ 2. इमन् and ईयस् follow.
  156. 6.4.156 स्थूलदूरयुवह्रस्वक्षिप्रक्षुद्राणां यणादिपरं पूर्वस्य च गुणः Before the affixes 1. इष्ठ 2. इमन् and 3. ईयस् the last semi-vowel is elided with that which follows it and for the first vowel, a गुण is substituted in 1. स्थूल 2. दूर 3. युवन् 4. ह्रस्व 5. क्षिप्र and 6. क्षुद्र.
  157. 6.4.157 प्रियस्थिरस्फिरोरुबहुलगुरुवृद्धतृप्रदीर्घवृन्दारकाणां प्रस्थस्फवर्बंहिगर्वर्षित्रब्द्राघिवृन्दाः Before the affixes 1. इष्ठ 2. इमन् and ईयस् the following substitutions take place 1. प्र for प्रिय 2. स्थ for स्थिर 3. स्फ for स्फिर 4. वर् for उरु 5. बह for बहुल 6. गर् for गुरु 7. वर्ष for वृद्ध 8. त्रप् for तृप् 9. द्राघ for दीर्घ and 10. वृन्द for वृन्दारक.
  158. 6.4.158 बहोर्लोपो भू च बहोः The इ and ई of these affixes (इमन् and ईयस्) are elided after बहु , and for बहु is substituted भू.
  159. 6.4.159 इष्ठस्य यिट् च After बहु , the augment यिट् is added to इष्ठ and भू is the substitute of बहु.
  160. 6.4.160 ज्यादादीयसः आ is substituted for the first letter of ईयस् after ज्य.
  161. 6.4.161 र ऋतो हलादेर्लघोः Before the affixes 1. इष्ठ 2. इमन् and 3. ईयस् , र् is substituted for ऋ in a अङ्ग (stem), when this ऋ is preceded by a consonant and is not prosodially long (on account of being followed by a double consonant).
  162. 6.4.162 विभाषर्जोश्छन्दसि Before the affixes 1. इष्ठ 2. इमन् and 3. ईयस् , the ऋ of ऋजु may optionally be changed to र् , in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
  163. 6.4.163 प्रकृत्यैकाच् A monosyllabic भ अङ्ग (stem) retains its original form without undergoing any change before the affixes 1. इष्ठ 2. इमन् and 3. ईयस् .
  164. 6.4.164 इनण्यनपत्ये The final इन् of a भ अङ्ग (stem) remains unaltered before the non-Patronymic अण् affix.
  165. 6.4.165 गाथिविदथिकेशिगणिपणिनश्च 1. गाथिन् 2. विदथिन् 3. केशिन् 4. गणिन् and 5. पणिन् remain unchanged before the Patronymic also.
  166. 6.4.166 संयोगादिश्च The syllable इन् of a अङ्ग (stem) ending in इन् remains unchanged before अण् when a conjunct consonant precedes it.
  167. 6.4.167 अन् The syllable अन् of a अङ्ग (stem) ending in अन् remains unchanged before अण् affix whether Patronymic or otherwise.
  168. 6.4.168 ये चाभावकर्मणोः The syllable अन् of a अङ्ग (stem) ending in अन् remains unchanged before a तद्धित affix beginning with य् when it does not denote existence in abstract of the avocation of someone.
  169. 6.4.169 आत्माध्वानौ खे The finals of the अङ्ग (stems) आत्मन् and अध्वन् remain unchanged before the affix ख.
  170. 6.4.170 न मपूर्वोऽपत्येऽवर्मणः In a अङ्ग (stem) in अन् with a preceding म् with the exception of वर्मन् , the ending अन् does not remain unchanged before the Patronymic affix अण् .
  171. 6.4.171 ब्राह्मोऽजातौ ब्राह्म is irregularly formed from ब्रह्मन् when not meaning 'a kind of जाति'.
  172. 6.4.172 कार्मस्ताच्छील्ये कार्म is irregularly formed from कर्मन् by the elision of the final अन् when the sense is 'accustomed to such occupation or prompt therein'.
  173. 6.4.173 औक्षमनपत्ये From उक्षन् is formed औक्ष when not meaning a descendant.
  174. 6.4.174 दाण्डिनायनहास्तिनायनाथर्वणिकजैह्माशिनेयवाशिनायनिभ्रौणहत्यधैवत्यसारवैक्ष्वाकमैत्रेयहिरण्मयानि The following are irregularly formed - 1. दाण्डिनायन 2. हास्तिनायन 3. अथर्वणिक 4. जैह्माशिनेय 5. वाशिनायनि 6. भ्रौणहत्य 7. धैवत्य 8. सरवै 9. अक्ष्वाक 10. मैत्रेय and 11. हिरण्मया.
  175. 6.4.175 ऋत्व्यवास्त्व्यवास्त्वमाध्वीहिरण्ययानि च्छन्दसि In the छन्दस् (Vedas) the following are irregularly formed 1. ऋत्व्य 2. वास्त्व्य 3. 4. वास्त्व 5. माध्वी and 6. हिरण्यय.

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