4.1.106
मधुबभ्र्वोर्ब्राह्मणकौशिकयोः
Operational rule vidhi
The affix यञ् comes, in the sense of a गोत्र (Patronymic) descendant after the words 1. मधु and 2. बभ्रु when the words so formed mean ब्राह्मण and कौशिक respectively.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target मधु- बभ्र्वोः ṣaṣṭhī · dvivacanaRight context ब्राह्मण- कौशिकयोः saptamī · dvivacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
मधु-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix यञ् comes, in the sense of a गोत्र (Patronymic) descendant after the words 1. मधु and 2. बभ्रु when the words so formed mean ब्राह्मण and कौशिक respectively.
Thus माधव्यः = ब्राह्मणः 'Brahmana.' Otherwise माधवः "son of Madhu." बाभ्रव्यः = कौशिकः Otherwise बाभ्रवः ॥
The word बभ्रु belongs to the Gargadi class, so it would have taken yan by the last sutra also. The present sutra declares a restriction, viz. बभ्रु takes यञ् only then when कौशिक is denoted. Its being read in the Gargadi class serves another purpose : as it belongs to the sub-class लोहितादि, the rule 4.1.18 becomes applicable to it; so that its feminine is formed by ष्फ. Thus बाभ्रव्यायणी ॥ In fact, it would have been better, if in the body of the Ganapatha, instead of writing बभ्रु alone, there was बभ्रु कौशिके ॥ It would have saved the repetition of it in the present sutra.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.