4.1.2
स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाङ्ङ्योस्सुप्
Operational rule vidhi
The प्रत्ययाः - सुँ-औ-जस्-अम्-औट्-शस्-टा-भ्याम्-भिस्-ङे-भ्याम्-भ्यस्-ङसिँ-भ्याम्-भ्यस्-ङस्-ओस्-आम्-ङि-ओस्-सुप् get attached to a word that ends in ङीप्/ङीष्/ङीन्/टाप्/डाप्/चाप् pratyay, or is a प्रातिपदिक.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term - औ - - अ - औ - - आ - भ्या - भि - ए - भ्या - भ्य - - भ्या - भ्य - - ओ - आ - इ - ओ - सु prathamā · ekavacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
| विभक्ति ╲ वचन | एकवचनsingular | द्विवचनdual | बहुवचनplural |
|---|---|---|---|
| प्रथमाnominative | → स् | औ | → अस् |
| द्वितीयाaccusative | अ | औ → औ | → अस् |
| तृतीयाinstrumental | आ → आ | भ्या | भि |
| चतुर्थीdative | ए → ए | भ्या | भ्य |
| पञ्चमीablative | → अस् | भ्या | भ्य |
| षष्ठीgenitive | → अस् | ओ | आ |
| सप्तमीlocative | इ → इ | ओ | सु → सु |
Why it is a table
- 1.4.103 सुपः The sup endings, too, come in threes (त्रीणि त्रीणि, carried from 1.4.101), seven triads in all.
- 1.4.102 तान्येकवचनद्विवचनबहुवचनान्येकशः The three in each triad are singular, dual and plural (एकवचन, द्विवचन, बहुवचन), one by one.
- 1.4.104 विभक्तिश्च Each triad (of sup, and of tiṅ) is called a vibhakti.
- 1.3.10 यथासंख्यमनुदेशः समानाम् Two lists of equal length pair up in order (यथासङ्ख्यम्), so the 21 endings fill the 7 × 3 grid row by row.
Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
सुँ-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
(After what ends with the feminine terminations ङी or आप् or after a प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem), the following case-affixes ae used for declension) - 1st - सु (स), औ , जस् (अस्)। 2nd - अम् , औट् (औ), शस् (अस्)। 3rd - टा (आ), भ्याम् , भिस् । 4th - ङे (ए), भ्याम् , भ्यस्। 5th - ङसि (अस्), भ्याम् , भ्यस्। 6th - ङस् (अस्), ओस् , आम्। 7th - ङि (इ), ओस् , सुप् (सु)।
Ist., su (s), au, jas (as)
2nd., am, aut (au), sas (as)
3rd., ta (a), bhyam, bhis
4th., ne (e), bhyam, bhyas
5th., nasi (as), bhyam, bhyas
6th., nas (as), os, am
7th., ni (i), os, sup (su)
In the above affixes, letters like उ in सु 'anubandhas' employed either for the sake of facility of pronunciation, or as distinguishing marks. The final प् is employed for the sake of forming the pratyahara सुप्, which is the collective name for the above 21 case-affixes. The force and meaning of these affixes have already been explained in a former part of this work; and therefore, need not be repeated here. We shall now give examples of the application of these affixes to words formed by ङीप्, as, कुमारी; by ङीष् as, गारी; by ङीन् as शार्ङ्गरवी; by टाप् as खट्वा; by डाप् as बहुराजा; and by चाप् as कारीषगन्ध्या; and lastly to a pratipadika as दृषद् ।
कुमारी ।
Ist, कुमारी, कुमार्यौ, कुमार्यः
2nd, कुमारीम्, कुमार्यौ, कुमारीः
3rd, कुमार्या, कुमारीभ्याम्, कुमारीभिः
4th, कुमार्यै, कुमारीभ्याम्, कुमारीभ्यः
5th, कुमार्याः, कुमारीभ्याम्, कुमारीभ्यः
6th, कुमार्याः, कुमार्योः, कुमारीणाम्
7th, कुमार्याम्, कुमार्योः, कुमारीषु
खट्वा ।
Ist, खट्वा, खट्वे, खट्वाः
2nd, खट्वाम्, खट्वे, खट्वाः
3rd, खट्व्या, खट्वाभ्याम्, खट्वाभिः
4th, खट्वायै, खट्वाभ्याम्, खट्वाभ्यः
5th, खट्वायाः, खट्वाभ्याम्, खट्वाभ्यः
6th, खट्वायाः, खट्वयोः, खट्वानाम्
7th, खट्वायाम्, खट्वयोः, खट्वासु
दृषद् ।
Ist, दृषद्, दृषदौ, दृषदः
2nd, दृषदम्, दृषदौ, दृषदः
3rd, दृषदा, दृषद्भ्याम्, दृषद्भिः
4th, दृषदे, दृषद्भ्याम्, दृषद्भ्यः
5th, दृषदः, दृषद्भ्याम्, दृषद्भ्यः
6th, दृषदः, दृषदोः, दृषदाम्
7th, दृषदि, दृषदोः, दृषत्सु
The words गौरी and शार्ङ्गरवी are declined like कुमारी; and बहुराजा and कारीषगन्ध्या are declined like खट्वा ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.