4.4.11
श्वगणाट्ठञ्च
Operational rule vidhi
The affixes ठञ् and ष्ठन् , come after the word श्वगण , in the sense of 'he goes by means thereof'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context श्वगणात् pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
श्वगणात् ठञ् च
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affixes ठञ् and ष्ठन् , come after the word श्वगण , in the sense of 'he goes by means thereof'.
This debars ठक् ॥ Thus श्वगणेन चरति = श्वागणिकः 'who lives by dogs'. f. श्वागणिकी ॥ ठन् श्वगणिकः f. श्वगणिका ॥
The form श्वागणिकः is evolved by the breach of rule 7.3.4. Thus श्वगण + ठञ् ॥ Here by 7.2.117, ञ् requires Vriddhi of अ of श्व ॥ But rule 7.3.4 says that instead of Vriddhi, the letter औ comes before व in the case of श्वन् &c. The proper form, therefore, would have been शौवगणिकः ॥ The irregularity is, however, explained by saying that the prohibition contained in 7.3.8 which applies when श्वन् is followed by इञ्, applies also to श्वन् followed by ठञ् ॥ In fact, the rule 7.3.4 does not apply, whenever the word श्वन् is followed by an affix beginning with the letter इ ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.