4.2.8
कलेर्ढक्
Operational rule vidhi
The word कलि gets the तद्धितप्रत्यय 'ढक्' in the meaning of 'दृष्टं साम'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context कलेः pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
कलेः ढक्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix ढक् comes in the sense of साम वेद seen after the word कलि being in the Instrumental -3rd case.
Karika
दृष्टे सामनि जाते च द्विरण्डिद्वा विधीयते ।
तीयादीकक् न विद्याया गोत्रादङ्कवदिष्यते ॥
This debars अण् ॥ Thus कलिना दृष्टं साम = कालेयं ॥ "The Sama Veda revealed to Kali". This sutra is really a Vartika and not a sutra of Panini.
Vart:- The affix 'dhak' comes always after अग्नि and कलि; not merely in the sense of Sama-Veda seen. Thus अग्निना दृष्टं साम = आग्नेयम् 'the Sama-Veda revealed to Agni'. अग्नौ भवं = आग्नेयम् 'who stays in Agni' 4.3.53 अग्नेरागतं "what has come from Agni" = आग्नेयम् 4.3.74 &c. Similarly कालेयम् means 'the Sama-Veda seen by Kali, he who stays in Kali, what has come from Kali &c.
Vart:- The affix अण् is optionally treated as if it had an indicatory ड् when the sense is that of Sama-Veda seen. Thus उशनसा दृष्टं साम = औशनसम् or औशनम् (the force of डित् being to elide the टि portion; 6.4.143).
Vart:- The affix अण् in the sense of 'born', is optionally treated as डित्, provided that it be that अण् which being debarred by 4.3.11, is re-ordained by 4.3.16. The affix अण् governs all sutras up to 4.4.2 by force of 4.1.83.; but it is debarred by ठञ् of 4.3.11, and is re-ordained in 4.3.16. Thus शतभिषजि जातः = शतभिषः or शतभिषजः ॥
Vart:- The affix ईकक् comes, optionally, without changing the sense after words ending in तीय ॥ Thus द्वैतीयीकम् or द्वितीयकम्, तर्तीयीकम् or तृतीयकम् ॥
Vart:- Not so when it qualifies विद्या, as द्वितीया or तृतीया विद्या ॥
Vart:- The affix वुञ् 4.3.126 has the force of "Sama-Veda seen" when it comes after a Gotra-word. This औपगवकम् or कापटवकम् 'the Sama-Veda seen by Aupagava, or Kapatava'. The affix वुञ् comes after a word denoting a Gotra or Charana.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.