4.1.130
आरगुदीचाम्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix आरक् comes in the sense of a descendant after the word गोधा according to the opinion of Northern Grammarians.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term आरक् prathamā · ekavacanaTarget उदीचाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
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Full reading
आरक् उदीचाम्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
उदीचाम् → आरक्
Replace udīcām with ārak. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
The affix आरक् comes in the sense of a descendant after the word गोधा according to the opinion of Northern Grammarians.
Thus गौधारः ॥ It might be objected that the आरक् contains the letter आ unnecessarily, for रक् would have served the purpose as well, because गोधा ends in long आ already. The objection is valid in the case of गोधा, but the very fact that Panini uses this affix आरक्, shows by implication, that there are other words also which take this affix, and in whose case the affix रक् would not suffice. Thus the words जड and पण्ड also take this affix, as जाडारः, पाण्डारः ॥ The mention of the name of Northern Grammarians is for the sake of showing respect only.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.