4.1.45

बह्वादिभ्यश्च

Operational rule vidhi

And the affix ङीष् is optionally used in the feminine after the words बहु etc.

Word by word (padaccheda)

Left context बह्व- आदिभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
  • Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
  • Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".

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Full reading

बह्व-आदिभ्यः च

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

Commentary

And the affix ङीष् is optionally used in the feminine after the words बहु etc.
As बहुः or बह्वी ॥ The following are the words belonging to the Bahvadi class—

1 बहु, 2 पद्धति, 3 अञ्चति, 4 अङ्कति, 5 अंहति, 6 शकटि, (शकति), 7 शक्तिः शस्त्रे, 8 शारि, 9 वारि, 10 राति 11 राधि, 12 शाधि, 13 अहि, 14 कपि, 15 यष्टि, 16 मुनि, 17 इतः प्राप्यंगात् । 18 कृदिकारादक्तिनः। 19 सर्वतोऽक्तिन्नर्थादित्येके। 20 चण्ड, 21 अराल, 22 कृपण, 23 कमल, 24 विकट, 25 विशाल, 26 विशङ्कट, 27 भरुज, 28 ध्वज, 29 चन्द्रभागान्नद्याम् (चन्द्रभागा नद्याम्) 30 कल्याण, 31 उदार, 32 पुराण, 33 अहन्, 34 क्रोड, 35 नख, 36 खुर, 37 शिखा, 38 बाल, 39 शफ, 40 गुद ॥ आकृतिगणोऽयम् ॥ तेन । 43 भग, 44 गल, 45 राग इत्यादि ॥

The affix nish also comes optionally after words ending in short इ being the names of the limbs of animals; as, धमनिः or धमनी ॥ So also after the vowel इ of a krit affix, not क्तिन् 3.3.94, as रात्रि or रात्री ॥ Some say that the feminine affix nish may come after any word ending in इ, if it has not the force of the affix क्तिन् ॥ The word बहु is a guna-word and would have optionally taken nish even by the last sutra, its specification here is for the subsequent sutra, by which it necessarily takes nish in the Chhandas. It is an Akritigana

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.

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