4.3.11
कालाट्ठञ्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix ठञ् comes in the remaining senses after the words denoting time.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context कालात् pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
कालात् ठञ्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix ठञ् comes in the remaining senses after the words denoting time.
This debars अण् ॥ The affix छ which comes after Vriddha words is prohibited by this sutra. Thus मासिकः 'monthly' आर्द्धमासिकः 'bi-monthly', सांवत्सरिकः 'annual'.
The words which denote time even indirectly, also take this affix. As कादम्बपुष्पिकं, व्रैहिपलालिकम् ॥ The word काल governs all the subsequent sutras upto 25. (तत्र जातः).
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.