4.2.56
संग्रामे प्रयोजनयोद्धृभ्यः
Operational rule vidhi
To indicate a battle using the purpose or the participants of that battle, an appropriate तद्धितप्रत्यय can be attached to the word in the प्रथमा विभक्ति which represents the purpose or the participants of the battle.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context सङ्ग्रामे saptamī · ekavacanaLeft context प्रयोजन- योद्धृभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
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Full reading
सङ्ग्रामे प्रयोजन-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix अण् -- प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् 4.1.83 when it is added to a word which denotes either the object of a battle or the warrior of a battle fought for that object or by that warrior as a leader.
The phrase सोऽस्य is understood here; showing that the word in construction to which the affix is to be added must be in the first case: and must be the name of the "object" प्रयोजनः, or of the "warrior" योद्धृ ॥ The whole word so formed must denote a 'battle'. Therefore, the word संग्राम gives the meaning of the affix.
This भद्रा प्रयोजनमस्य संग्रामस्य = भाद्रः "A battle fought for Bhadra". So also सौभाद्रः "a battle fought to gain Subhadra". Similarly अहिमाला योद्धारोऽस्य संग्रामस्य = आहिमालः 'battle led by Ahimala warriors' So also स्यान्दनाश्वः, भारतः ॥
Why do we say "in the sense of a battle?" Observe सुभद्रा प्रयोजनमस्य दानस्य 'Subhadra is the object of this gift'. Here no affix is added. Why do we say 'after a word denoting an object or a warrior'? Observe, सुभद्रा प्रेक्षिकाऽस्य संग्रामस्य ।
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.