4.2.67
तदस्मिन्नस्तीति देशे तन्नाम्नि
Operational rule vidhi
To indicate the name of a country by referring to the entities present in that country, an appropriate तद्धित प्रत्यय gets attached to the word in प्रथमाविभक्ति representing the name of that entity.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term तत् prathamā · ekavacanaRight context अस्मिन् saptamī · ekavacanaVerb अस्ति tiṅantaIndeclinable avyayaRight context देशे saptamī · ekavacanaRight context तन्नाम्नि saptamī · ekavacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Verb A finite verb form (tiṅanta).
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
तत् अस्मिन् अस्ति देशे तन्नाम्नि
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
(An affix is placed after a word expressive of anything) in the sense of '- that thing is in this' - the place taking a name therefrom.
The words of this aphorism require a detailed examination. तद् 'that', i.e. the word in construction to which the affix is to be added must be in the nominative case. अस्मिन् "in this" -- this gives the meaning of the affix; अस्ति "is" this qualifies the sense of the base. इति is added merely for the sake of distinctness, serving the same purpose as quotation marks in modern writing. देशेतन्नाम्नि "a country having that name"; this qualifies the sense of the affix. The sense is:- "the affixes already taught or to be taught, come after a word being in the nominative case in construction, in the sense of the location, when the whole word so formed denotes the name of a country in which that thing exists".
This sutra and the three subsequent sutras are in fact one, though divided into four, for purposes of convenience. The affixes having the sense of these four sutras, are called चातुरर्थिक "quadruple significants".
Thus उदुम्बरा अस्मिन् देशे सन्ति = औदुम्बरः Audumbara--the country in which there are glomerous fig trees. Similarly बाल्बजः, पार्वतः &c. all these words are formed by the universal affix अण् 4.1.83.
This sutra debars the अत्वर्थीय affixes.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.