4.2.21
सास्मिन् पौर्णमासीति संज्ञायाम्
Operational rule vidhi
To indicate the name of a month, fortnight or a year based on the name of the full-moon-day falling in it, the प्रथमासमर्थ name of the full moon day gets the appropriate तद्धितप्रत्यय.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term सा prathamā · ekavacanaRight context अस्मिन् saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term पौर्णमासी prathamā · ekavacanaIndeclinable avyayaRight context संज्ञायाम् saptamī · ekavacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
सा अस्मिन् पौर्णमासी संज्ञायाम्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix अण् comes after the name of a full-moon-night to denote the division of time in which the night falls.
The word स means 'that'. It is in the nominative case, therefore by 4.1.82 it means that "after a word in the first case in construction". अस्मिन् 'in it' i.e. in the sense of a seventh case. पौर्णमासीति "if the word in the first case in construction is the name of a full-moon night". The word इति after पौर्णमासी is used for the sake of clearness. The word संज्ञायाम् does not occur in the original sutras of Panini; but is added by a Vartika; and means 'if the word so formed is an appellative', i. e. if it is the name of a month, a half-month and a year. The whole sutra therefore literally translated means "the affix अण् already ordained 4.1.83 comes in the sense of a 7th case affix, after a word in the Ist case in construction, if that word is the name of a full-moon-night, provided that the whole word so formed is an appellation of a month, a half-month or a year".
Thus पौषी पौर्णमासी अस्मिन् = पौषो मासः 'the month Paus i. e. that month in which the moon is full in the asterism Pushya'. Similarly पौषऽर्द्धमासः and पौषः संवत्सरः ॥ But not so in the following पौषी पौर्णमासी अस्मिन् दशरात्रे, because dasaratra is not a month or a fortnight or a year.
The words इति and संज्ञायाम् have the same force here, namely, they make the word an appellative. The word संज्ञायाम् added to the sutra by the Vartika is a redundancy.
The word पौर्णमासी is formed by adding अण् to पूर्णमास ॥ Or it may be evolved in this way:-पुर्णो माः = पूर्णमाः, पूर्णमास इयम् पौर्णमासी ॥ The word माः means "moon".
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.