4.1.51
क्तादल्पाख्यायाम्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix ङीष् is used after a compound प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) in which a name denoting the means herewith, is the first member and the second member is a word formed by the Particle क्त when the sense is that of 'a small quantity'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context क्तात् pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context अल्प- आख्यायाम् saptamī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
क्तात् अल्प-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix ङीष् is used after a compound प्रातिपदिक (Nominal Stem) in which a name denoting the means herewith, is the first member and the second member is a word formed by the Particle क्त when the sense is that of 'a small quantity'.
The word करण पूर्वात् 'preceded by a noun denoting the means where with', of the last sutra governs this also. The participle in क्त, must be preceded by a noun in the instrumental case, and the sense conveyed by क्त, to the action should give the sense of 'little', in connection therewith. The अल्पाख्यायाम् of the sutra qualifies the whole word. Thus अभ्रविलिप्ती द्यौः 'a sky covered slightly with clouds', सूपविलिप्ती पात्री 'a dish slightly covered with soup'.
Why do we say when the sense is that of 'little'? Observe चन्दनानुलिप्ता ब्राह्मणी "a Brahmani lady covered with sandal essence?"
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.