4.3.144
नित्यं वृद्धशरादिभ्यः
Operational rule vidhi
The affix मयट् comes in the sense of 'product' and 'part' when neither food nor clothing is spoken of, invariably after वृद्ध words and शर etc.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term नित्यम् prathamā · ekavacanaLeft context - शर- आदिभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
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Full reading
नित्यम् -
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix मयट् comes in the sense of 'product' and 'part' when neither food nor clothing is spoken of, invariably after वृद्ध words and शर etc.
Thus after Vriddha-- आम्रमयम्, शालमयम्, शाकमयम् ॥ After शरादि words:-- शरमयम्,हर्ममयम्, मृन्मयम् ॥
Why do we use the word नित्य 'invariably' in the sutra, when by the mere fact of making a separate sutra, the affix would be obligatory.? The affix मयट्, according to Patanjali comes invariably after words of one syllable. That is done by using the word नित्य in the sutra. Thus, त्वङ् मयम्, स्रङ् मयम्, वाङ् मयम् ॥
1 शर, 2 दर्भ, 3 मृद्, 4 कुटी, 5 तृण, 6 सोम, 7 बल्वज (वल्वज).
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.