4.1.171
वृद्धेत्कोसलाजादाञ्ञ्यङ्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix ञ्यङ् comes in the sense of descendant after a word having वृद्धि in the first syllable and after a word ending in short इ and after the words 1. कोसल and 2. अजाद when they are the names of countries and क्षत्रिय-s.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context - - कोसल- अजादात् pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term य prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
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Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix ञ्यङ् comes in the sense of descendant after a word having वृद्धि in the first syllable and after a word ending in short इ and after the words 1. कोसल and 2. अजाद when they are the names of countries and क्षत्रिय-s.
This debars अञ् ॥ Thus, to give example of Vriddha words, आम्बष्ठ्यः सौवीर्यः 'the sons or kings of Ambashtha and Sauvira'. Similarly to take words ending in short इ, we have आवन्त्यः and कौन्त्यः 'the son or kings of Avanti and Kunti'. These are words ending in short इ ॥ So also कौसल्यः and आजाद्यः, which are neither Vriddhas nor end in short इ ॥
Vart:- The affix 'dyan' comes after the word 'Pandu' when it is the name of a country as well as Kshatriya tribe. Thus पांड्यः, otherwise it will be पांडवः ॥ See 4.1.74.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.