4.1.98
गोत्रे कुञ्जादिभ्यश्च्फञ्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix च्फञ् comes after the words कुञ्च etc. when a remoter descendant (called गोत्र) is to be denoted.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context saptamī · ekavacanaLeft context कुञ्ज- आदिभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term च्फञ् prathamā · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
कुञ्ज-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix च्फञ् comes after the words कुञ्च etc. when a remoter descendant (called गोत्र) is to be denoted.
This debars इञ् ॥ Of the affix च्फञ् the letter ञ् is for the sake of distinguishing this affix from the affix फञ्; such as in sutra 5.3.113, by which the words ending in affix च्फञ् take the further affix य (ञ्य), in order to form a complete word. The letter ञ् of this affix causes Vriddhi 7.2.117. Then remains फ् which by sutra 7.1.2, is replaced by आयन् ॥ Thus कुञ्ज + च्फञ् = कौञ्ज + आयन् + अ = कौञ्जायन. This is not a complete word as yet. We must add य by sutra 5.3.113. Thus the full word is कौञ्जायन्यः 'the grandson or a lower descendant of Kunja' dual of it is कौञ्जायन्यौ, plural is कौञ्जायनाः; the affix ञ्य being elided by 2.5.62, in the plural, it being an affix of the तद्राज class 4.1.174. Similarly ब्राध्रायन्यः, ब्राध्रायन्यौ, ब्राध्रायनाः ॥
Why do we say "when a Gotra descendant is to be denoted?" Observe कौंजिः "the son of Kunja". Here इञ् is added by 4.1.95 in denoting immediate descendant. There is difference in the accent of these words, in the different numbers. Thus in the singular and dual, the accent will be regulated by the latter ञ् of the affix ञ्य which is added in those numbers. But this affix being elided in the plural, the accent there will be regulated by the letter च of च्फञ् ॥ That is to say, in the singular and dual, the udatta will fall on the first syllable 6.1.197; in the plural, it will fall on the last syllable 6.1.164.
The word गोत्रे of this sutra governs the succeeding sutras up to aphorism 4.1.112: so that all the affixes taught in these fifteen sutras denote grandsons or descendants lower than that.
1 कुञ्ज, 2 ब्रध्र, 3 शङ्ख, 4 भस्मन्, 5 गण, 6 लोमन्, 7 शत, 8 शाक, 9 शुण्डा, 10 शुभ, 11 विपाश्, 12 स्कन्द, 13 स्कम्भ, 14 शकट, 15 शुम्भा, 16 शिव, 17 शुभंयि ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.