4.1.148
वृद्धाट्ठक् सौवीरेषु बहुलम्
Operational rule vidhi
When contempt is to be expressed, the affix ठक् is diversely added in the senses of a descendant after a वृद्ध word denoting सौवीर गोत्र-s.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacanaRight context सौवीरेषु saptamī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term बहुलम् prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
ठक् सौवीरेषु बहुलम्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
When contempt is to be expressed, the affix ठक् is diversely added in the senses of a descendant after a वृद्ध word denoting सौवीर गोत्र-s.
Karika
भागपूर्वपदो वित्तिर्द्वितीयस्तार्णबिन्दवः ॥
तृतीयस्त्वाकशापेयो गोत्राट्ठग्बहुलं ततः ॥
Thus भागवित्तिकः 'the son of Bhagavitti'. So also तार्णबिन्दविकः formed from तृणबिन्दु + अण् 4.1.83 तार्णबिन्दवः, and then adding ठक् ॥ In the alternative we have the affix फक् 4.1.101 as भागवित्तायनः, so also तार्णबिन्दविः ॥ The word अकशाप belongs to Subhradi class 4.1.123: and forms आकशापेयः, his son will be आकशापेयिकः or आकशापेयिः ॥ Of course, when contempt is not expressed, we have to भागवित्तायनः only.
The operation of this sutra is, in fact, confined to the three words भागवित्ति, तार्णबिन्दव, and आकशापेय as given in the karika.
Q. What is the necessity of using the word 'Vrddha' in the sutra, for the anuvritti of the word 'gotra' is understood in the sutra, and a Sauvira class Nominal-stem formed with a Gotra affix will necessarily have a Vrddhi letter in its first syllable? The word Vrddha is employed in the sutra to stop the anuvritti of स्त्रियाः; for had 'Vrddha' not been used, then with the anuvritti of गोत्र from the last sutra, there would have come the anuvrtti of स्त्रियाः also, but by using 'Vriddha' the anuvrtti of 'Gotra' only is taken, and not that of 'striyah'.
Why do we say "of the Sauviras"? Observe औपगविर्जाल्मः ॥ Why do we say 'in denoting contempt'? Observe भागवित्तायनो माणवकः ॥ Why do we say 'diversely'? The word बरुल indicates the anomalous nature of these four sutras 4.1.147 to 4.1.150. Thus the first of these viz 4.1.147 only denotes contempt, the last of these viz 4.1.150, denotes 'Sauvira' only and not contempt; whilst the middle two namely 4.1.148 and 4.1.189 denote both 'contempt' and 'Sauvira'.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.