4.2.100
रंकोरमनुष्येऽण् च
Operational rule vidhi
After the word रंकु the affixes ष्फक् and अण् are added in the remaining senses when the meaning is a non-human being.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context रङ्कोः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context अ- मनुष्ये saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term अ prathamā · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
रङ्कोः अ-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After the word रंकु the affixes ष्फक् and अण् are added in the remaining senses when the meaning is a non-human being.
As राङ्कवो गौः or राङ्कवायणो गौः but राङ्कवको मनुष्यः 4.2.134.
Q. The word रंकु belongs to कच्छादि class 4.2.133; and when a human being is to be denoted, then by 4.2.134, it will take the affix अण्, and when a non-human being is to be designated, then it will take अण् by rule 4.2.133; then where is the necessity of the present sutra by which अण् is enjoined when a non-human being is to be designated ? To this the reply is that the force of the negative affix in amanuysha is that of इव; i.e. अमनुष्य = मनुष्य सदृशः "a being like man, but not man". The word अमनुष्य does not mean 'anything which is not a man'. For had this been its meaning, then a blanket is also a thing which is not a man, and in denoting a blanket, we should add ष्फक्; but we never do so. When blanket is to be denoted we add अण् of 4.2.133, as राङ्कवः "a woolen blanket". When we want to denote a living being other than man, then we add अण् and ष्फक् of this sutra. The अण् is repeated in this sutra, for the purpose also of showing that otherwise अण् would have been debarred by the special affix ष्फक् ॥
The word रंकु is the name of a country, it would have taken अण् under the universal rule 4.1.83, but this is debarred by वुञ् of 4.2.125, and वुञ् is debarred by ठञ् of 4.2.119, and ठञ् is debarred by अण् of 4.2.132, as it has क् as penultimate, the present sutra debars that and ordains अण् and ष्फक् ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.