4.3.78
ऋतष्ठञ्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix ठञ् comes in the sense of 'come thence' after a word ending in short ऋ and denoting a person related through learning or blood.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context ऋतः pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
ऋतः ठञ्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix ठञ् comes in the sense of 'come thence' after a word ending in short ऋ and denoting a person related through learning or blood.
This debars वुञ् ॥ Thus होतुरागतम् = हौतृकम् 'derived from Hotri.' पौतृकम् ॥ So also of 'blood,' as:- भ्रातृकम्, स्वासृकम्, मातृकम् ॥
The त् in ऋत् is for the sake of facility of pronunciation, there being no such word ending in long ॠ ॥
When the words do not denote relationship through learning or blood, this affix is not employed. As, सावित्रम् ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.