4.1.59
दीर्घजिह्वी च च्छन्दसि
Operational rule vidhi
The form दीर्घजिह्वी 'long-tongued' is irregularly formed in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term - जिह्वी prathamā · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyayaRight context छन्दसि saptamī · ekavacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
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Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The form दीर्घजिह्वी 'long-tongued' is irregularly formed in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
The word दीर्घजीह्वी is the feminine of दीर्घजीह्व but as the latter has a conjunct consonant for its penultimate, the feminine affix ङीष् would not have applied to it by 4.1.54. The present aphorism enjoins ङीष् ॥ Thus दीर्घजीह्वी in the sentence दीर्घजीह्वी वै देवानां हव्यमलेट् ।
The word च 'and' in the aphorism is used in order to draw in the word संज्ञा from the last, so that the word dirgha-jihvi is always a Name. Moreover by using the feminine form dirgha-jihvi in the sutra, it is indicated that the application of ङीष् is necessary and not optional, as was the case in the last sutras.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.