4.1.37
वृषाकप्यग्निकुसितकुसिदानामुदात्तः
Operational rule vidhi
In forming the feminine with the affix ङीप् the letter ऐ having उदात्त accent is the substitute of the finals 1. वृषाकपि 2. अग्नि 3. कुसति and 3. कुसीद .
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target वृषाकपि- अग्नि- कुसित- कुसिदानाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
वृषाकपि-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
वृषाकपि-
Replace vṛṣākapi-agni-kusita-kusidānām with udāttaḥ. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
In forming the feminine with the affix ङीप् the letter ऐ having उदात्त accent is the substitute of the finals 1. वृषाकपि 2. अग्नि 3. कुसति and 3. कुसीद ।
The words वृषाकपि and कुसीद have udatta accent on the middle vowel (Phit Su II.19), the feminine of these has udatta, however, on the final. The words 'agni' and the rest have the udatta on the final (Phit su 1.1), their substitute ऐ will necessarily be udatta, by the rule of sthanivat bhava, even if the present sutra had not explicitly declared it to be so. Thus वृषाकपायी (Rig Veda X. 86.13) 'the wife of Vrishakapi', अग्नायी, (Rig Ved. I.22.12) the wife of 'Agni', कुसितायी 'wife of Kusita', कुसिदायी 'the wife of Kusidai'. The present rule only applies when the sense of the feminine word is that of 'wife of'. Otherwise we have वृषाकपिः स्त्री 'the women Vrishakapi' and not वृषाकपायी ॥ For the accent of the word वृष, See 6.1.203.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.