4.1.27
दामहायनान्ताच्च
Operational rule vidhi
The affix ङीप् comes in the feminine after a बहुव्रीहि समास beginning with a Numeral and ending with the words 1. दामन् 'a rope' and 2. हायन 'a year'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context दाम- हायन- अन्तात् pañcamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
दाम-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix ङीप् comes in the feminine after a बहुव्रीहि समास beginning with a Numeral and ending with the words 1. दामन् 'a rope' and 2. हायन 'a year'.
The word दामन् was liable to be operated upon by three rules, by, 4.1.13 ordaining डाप्, by 4.1.11 prohibiting totally the affixing of ङीप् and 4.1.28 ordaining nip optionally : the present sutra ordains nip to the exclusion of all those rules. As द्विदाम्नी 'a (mare) bound by two ropes'. त्रिदाम्नी ॥
Similarly हायन would have taken long आ by 4.1.4, this ordains long ई ॥ Thus द्विहायनी 'two years (old girl)', त्रिहायणी; चतुर्हायणी ॥
Vart:- The word 'hayana' must denote 'age', for the purposes of this sutra. Therefore we have no nip here:- द्विहायना शाला 'a hall of two years existence'. So also त्रिहायना and चतुर्हायना ॥ Moreover in these latter cases the न is not changed into ण; for when हायन denotes 'age', it is then only that the न is changed into ण and not otherwise.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.