4.4.20
क्त्रेर्मम् नित्यम्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix मप् comes always after the words ending in the affix त्रि, in the sense of 'completed thereby'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context क्त्रेः pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term म prathamā · ekavacanaSubstitute / term नित्यम् prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
क्त्रेः मप् नित्यम्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix मप् comes always after the words ending in the affix त्रि, in the sense of 'completed thereby'.
The त्रि here refers to the affix 'ktri' 3.3.88. Thus the root डुपच् takes त्रि and forms पक्त्रि, which is not a complete word, but must take the augment मप्, to form a full word. Thus पच् + क्त्रि + मप् = पक्त्रिमम् 'what is completed by being cooked'. So from डुवप् we have वप् + क्त्रि + मप् = उप्त्रिमम् (VI.I.I5): from डुकृञ् we have कृत्रिमम् ॥
The word नित्य in the sutra indicates that the affix क्त्रि never comes singly by itself, all words ending in 'Ktri' are invariably followed by मप् also. In fact मप् way be regarded as an invariable augment of the affix 'Ktri'.
Vart:- After a word ending in an affix denoting 'condition', the affix इमप् is added. Thus पाकेन निर्वृत्तं = पाकिमम् (पच् + घञ् 3.3.18 + इमप्), so त्यागिमम्, सेकिमम्, कुट्टिमम् ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.