4.2.81
जनपदे लुप्
Operational rule vidhi
The name of a kingdom is formed by the लुप् elision of these affixes (when the name of the people without the change of number and gender, is at the same time the name of the kingdom).
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context जनपदे saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
जनपदे
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The name of a kingdom is formed by the लुप् elision of these affixes (when the name of the people without the change of number and gender, is at the same time the name of the kingdom).
The words within bracket in the above sutra are added by the reading together of this sutra with sutra 1.2.51. Dr. Otto Bohtlingk the learned translator of Panini in German, has done so, and I think this addition is necessary for the elucidation of the sutra. The aphorism literally means : (The quadruply significant affix) is elided, when the place (देश) to be named is a kingdom (जनपद). Thus पंचालानां निवासो जनपदः = पंचालाः । So also कुरवः, मत्स्याः, अङ्गाः, वङ्गाः, मगधाः, सुह्माः, पुण्ड्राः ॥
Why is there no lup-elision of the affix in the following examples : औदुम्बरो जनपदः 'the Kingdom in which there are fig-trees'. वैदिशो जनपदः &c? Because here the words औदुम्बरः and वैदिशः are not names of Kingdom, but are used merely as epithets. In fact the phrase तन्नाम्नि is understood here also.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.