4.1.120
स्त्रीभ्यो ढक्
Operational rule vidhi
To indicate the meaning of 'his/her offspring', the स्त्रीप्रत्ययान्त words get the 'ढक्' प्रत्यय.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context स्त्रीभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
स्त्रीभ्यः ढक्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
Words ending in the feminine affixes take the affix ढक् in forming their गोत्र (Patronymic).
The word स्त्री in the aphorism means 'words ending in the feminine affixes टाप् &c.' That is, words ending in long आ and ई of the feminine. Thus विनता + ढक् = वैनतेयः 4.1.2. So also सौपर्णेयः "Son of Vinata or Suparni". But ऐडविडः and दारदः formed by अण् meaning sons of इडविड and दरद, for though these words are feminine. they do not end in feminine affixes.
Vart:- The affix ढक् comes after वडवा when meaning वृष ॥ Thus वाडवेयः = वृषः "bull." Here 'dhak' has not the patronymic force. The patronymic will be वाडवः 'the son of a mare'.
Vart:- The feminine words क्रुञ्चा and कोकिला take the affix अण् in forming the patronymic. Thus क्रौञ्चः "the son of a curlew." कौकिलाः "the son of a cuckoo."
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.