6.3.61
इको ह्रस्वोऽङ्यो गालवस्य
Operational rule vidhi
According to the opinion of गालव a short vowel is substituted in a compound before the second member for the long इक् vowels (ई , ऊ , ॠ) unless it is the long vowel of the feminine affix ई (ङी).
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacanaTarget अङ्यः ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaTarget गालवस्य ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
अङ्यः गालवस्य
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
अङ्यः गालवस्य →
Replace ikaḥ aṅyaḥ gālavasya with hrasvaḥ. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
According to the opinion of गालव a short vowel is substituted in a compound before the second member for the long इक् vowels (ई , ऊ , ॠ) unless it is the long vowel of the feminine affix ई (ङी).
In other words, for ई, when it is not the Feminine affix ई (ङी) and for ऊ, a short इ and उ are substituted in a compound before the second member. Thus ग्रामणिपुत्रः or ग्रामणीपुत्रः, ब्रह्मबन्धुपुत्रः or ब्रह्मबन्धूपुत्रः ॥ Why do we say इक् vowels? Observe खट्वापादः, मालापादः ॥ Why do we say 'not the long ई of the Feminine affix ङी'? Observe गार्गीपुत्रः, वात्सीपुत्रः ॥ The name of Galava is mentioned pujartha for the anuvritti of 'optionally' was present in this sutra. It is a limited option pujartha, (vyavasthita vibhasha), and does not apply to कारीषगन्धीपति &c which are governed by 6.3.139.
Vart:- It does not apply to Avyayibhava compounds, nor to those words which take इयङ् or उवङ् augment in their declension, as श्रीकुलम्, भ्रूकुलम्, काण्डीभूतम्, कुडपीभूतं, वृषलीभूतम् ॥
Vart:- It does however apply to भ्रुकुंस &c, as भ्रुकुंसः, भ्रुकुटिः ॥ Others say अ is substituted for भ्र &c as भ्रकुंसः and भ्रकुटिः ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.