6.4.2
हलः
Operational rule vidhi
The letter which has been generated using सम्प्रसारणम् and which occurs at end of an अङ्ग becomes दीर्घ when there is a हल् letter which occurs just before it in that अङ्ग.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context pañcamī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The long vowel is substituted for a vocalised half-vowel अ , इ and उ at the end of a अङ्ग (stem), when it is preceded by a consonant which is a portion of the stem.
Both the words दीर्घ and अण् from 6.3.111, and संप्रसारण from 6.3.139 are understood here. Thus हूतः from ह्वा, जीनः from ज्या, संवीतः from व्या ॥ Why do we say 'preceded by a consonant'? Observe उतः and उतवान् from वेञ् ॥ Why do we say that the preceding consonant should be a portion of the stem? Observe निरुतम्, here र is not an integral part of the stem, but a portion of the upasarga निर् and therefore उ is not lengthened. Why do we say 'at the end of a stem'? Observe विद्धः, विचितः from व्यध् and व्यच्; here the vowel इ is in the middle of the stem. Why do we say 'अ, इ and उ substitutes of semivowels'? Observe तृतीयः ॥ Here त्रि has been vocalised into तृ, ऋ being substituted for र् before the affix तीय 5.2.55. There ऋ will not be lengthened. Or the absence of lengthening in तृतीय is an irregularity countenanced by Panini himself in sutras like 2.1.30 &c. The word अङ्ग should be repeated in this sutra, first to qualify the word हल, and then to qualify the letters अ, इ and उ ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.