6.4.98
गमहनजनखनघसां लोपः क्ङित्यनङि
Operational rule vidhi
The उपधा letter of the verb roots गम्, हन्, जन्, खन्, घस् is removed when followed by a कित् / ङित् प्रत्यय, except for the अङ् प्रत्यय.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target गम- हन- जन- खन- घसाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacanaRight context क्ङिति saptamī · ekavacanaRight context अनङि saptamī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
गम-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
गम-
Replace gama-hana-jana-khana-ghasām with lopaḥ when kṅiti anaṅi follows. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
The root-vowel of 1. गम् 2. जन् 3. खन् and 4. घस् is elided before an affix beginning with a vowel when it has an indicatory क् or ङ् ; but not before the Aorist affix अङ्।
Thus जग्मतुः, जग्मुः जघ्नतुः, जघ्नुः, जज्ञे, जज्ञाते, जज्ञिरे, चख्नतुः, चख्नुः, जक्षतुः, जक्षुः, अक्षन्नमीमदन्तपितरः, ॥ किङ्तीकिम्, गमनम्, हननम् ॥ अनङीतिकिम्, अगमत्, अघसत्, ॥ अचीत्येव, गम्यते, हन्यते ॥
Why 'having indicatory क् or ङ्'? See गमनम्, हननम् ॥ Why 'not अङ्? See अगमत्, अघसत् ॥ Why 'beginning with a vowel'? See गम्यते and हन्यते ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.