6.2.197
द्वित्रिभ्यां पाद्दन्मूर्धसु बहुव्रीहौ
Operational rule vidhi
In a बहुव्रीहि समास the words 1. पाद् 2. दत् and 3. मूर्धन् have optionally acute accent (उदात्त) on the final after द्वि and त्रि.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context द्वित्रिभ्याम् pañcamī · dvivacanaRight context पाद्- दत्- मूर्धसु saptamī · bahuvacanaRight context बहुव्रीहौ saptamī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
द्वित्रिभ्याम् पाद्-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
In a बहुव्रीहि समास the words 1. पाद् 2. दत् and 3. मूर्धन् have optionally acute accent (उदात्त) on the final after द्वि and त्रि।
Thus द्वौ पादावस्य = द्विपा꣡त् or द्विपा꣡त्, त्रिपा꣡द् or त्रिपा꣡द्, द्विद꣡म् or द्विद꣡म्, त्रिद꣡न् or त्रिद꣡न्, द्विमूर्द्धा꣡ or द्वि꣡मूर्धा ॥ The word पाद् is पाद with its अ elided, 5.4.140 दत् is the substitute of दन्त 5.4.141 and मूर्धन् retains its न् not allowing samasanta affix. This also indicates that the samasanta rule is not universal. When the samasanta affix is added, then also the acute is on the final, for the कार्यी is here the Bahuvrihi compound, and this is only a part of it. Thus द्विमूर्द्धः, त्रिमूर्द्धः ॥ Why after द्वि and त्रि ? Observe कल्या꣡णमूर्धा here the first member is middle acute by Phit II.19 and this accent is retained (VI.2. I). Why 'पाद् &c'? Observe द्विहस्तम्, त्रिहस्तम् ॥ Why 'Bahuvrihi'? Observe दयोमूर्द्धा = द्विमूर्द्धा ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.