6.4.8
सर्वनामस्थाने चासम्बुद्धौ
Operational rule vidhi
The उपधा letter of a नकारान्त अङ्ग becomes दीर्घ when followed by a प्रत्यय which is a सर्वनामस्थान other than सम्बोधन-एकवचन.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyayaRight context असम्बुद्धौ saptamī · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
च असम्बुद्धौ
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
In a अङ्ग (stem) ending in न् the preceding vowel is lengthened in strong cases with the exception of the Vocative Case singular.
As राजा, राजानौ, राजानः, राजानम्, राजानौ ॥ So also सामानि तिष्ठन्ति ॥ राजा was राजान्स्, the स् was elided by 6.1.68, and म् by 8.2.7. Why do we say 'in strong cases'? Observe राजनि (Locative Singular); सामनि (Locative Singular). Why do we say 'but not in the Vocative Singular'? Observe हे राजन् ! हे तक्षन् !
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.