स्यसिच्सीयुट्तासिषु भावकर्मणोरुपदेशेऽज्झनग्रहदृशां वा चिण्वदिट् च
Before the affixes 1. स्य (First future and Conditional) 2. सिच् (S-Aorist) 3. सीयुद् (Benedictive) and 4. तासि (Periphrastic Future), when they are used in the भाव (Impersonal) and कर्म (Passive) voices 1. the verbal stems ending in a vowel in the Grammatical system of instruction (उपदेश), as well as the verbs 2. हन् 'to kill' 3. ग्रह् 'to seize' and 4. दृश् 'to see' are treated optionally in the same way as in the 3rd Person of the Passive Aorist in चिण् and when so treated, they have the augment इट् .
Word by word (padaccheda)
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Replace ac-hana-graha-dṛśām with iṭ when sya-sic-sīyuṭ-tāsiṣu bhāvakarmmaṇoḥ upadeśe follows, optionally. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
Before the affixes 1. स्य (First future and Conditional) 2. सिच् (S-Aorist) 3. सीयुद् (Benedictive) and 4. तासि (Periphrastic Future), when they are used in the भाव (Impersonal) and कर्म (Passive) voices 1. the verbal stems ending in a vowel in the Grammatical system of instruction (उपदेश), as well as the verbs 2. हन् 'to kill' 3. ग्रह् 'to seize' and 4. दृश् 'to see' are treated optionally in the same way as in the 3rd Person of the Passive Aorist in चिण् and when so treated, they have the augment इट् ।
The augment इट् is, of course, added to the affixes and स्व, सिच्, सीयुट् and तासि and not to the stem. What are the special objects served by this atidesa aphorism? They are given in the following verse :-
Karika
चिण्वद् वृद्धिर्युक् च हन्तेश्च घत्वं
दीर्घश्चोक्तो यो मितां चिणीति ।
इट् चासिद्धस्तेन मे लुप्यते णि-
र्नित्यश्चायं वलनिमित्तोऽविघाती ॥
First :-The Vriddhi takes place as in चिण् 7.2.116, 7.3.34, secondly, there is the addition of युक् augment 7.3.33, thirdly घ is substituted for the ह of हन् 7.3.54, fourthly, the roots having indicatory म् (Bhuadi 809 to 873) optionally lengthen their vowel 6.4.93, and lastly the addition of the augment इट् being considered as asiddha or not to have taken effect by 6.4.22, the rule 6.4.51 applies and the causative affix णि is elided : and this इट् is added irrespective of the conditions and limitations of 7.2.35 &c.
(1) Roots ending in a vowel in the Dhatupatha with the affix स्य as, चि :-चायिष्यत or चेष्यते, अचायिष्यत or अचेष्यत ॥ So also with दा, as, दायिष्यते or दास्यते, अदायिष्यत or अदास्यत ॥
In शमि there are three forms, the two शामिष्यते or शमिष्यते, अशामिष्यत and अशमिष्यत being given by the elision of the causative ending by 6.4.51, in spite of the इट् augment which is considered as asiddha : and शम् being a root of मित् class, the अ is lengthened optionally by 6.4.93. The forms शमयिष्यते and अशमयिष्यत are given when not treated as चिण्, the causative is retained, the penultimate being shortened by 6.4.92. With the affix सिच् -अचायिषाताम्, or अचेषाताम्, अदायिषाताम्, or अदिषाताम् and अशामिषाताम् or अशमिषाताम् ॥ With the affix सीयुट् - चायिषीष्ट or चेषीष्ट, दायिषीष्ट or दासीष्ट and शामिषीष्ट or शमिषीष्ट ॥ With the affix तासि :- चायिता or चेता, दायिता or दाता, शामिता or शमिता ॥ The चिण् aorist model of these roots is अचायि, अदायि 7.3.33, and अशमि 7.3.34 or अशामि 6.4.93.
(2) हन् :- Fut. घानिष्यते or हनिष्यते; Con. अघानिष्यत or अहनिष्यत, Aor. अघानिषाताम् or अवधिषाताम् and अहसाताम् 2.4.44; Ben घानिषीष्ट or वधिषीष्ट; Per. Fut. घामिता or हन्ता ॥ The चिण् model is अघानि ॥
(3) ग्रह :- Fut. ग्राहिष्यते or ग्रहीष्यते Con. अग्राहिष्यत or अग्रहीष्यत; Aor. अग्राहिषाताम् or अग्रहीषाताम् (अग्रहिषाताम)?; Ben. ग्राहिषीष्ट or (ग्रहिषीष्ट) पहीषीट, Per. Fut. ग्राहिता or ग्रहिता ॥ The lengthening of ही takes place by 7.2.37. The चिण् model is अग्राहि ॥
(4) दृश् :- Fut. दर्शिष्यते or द्रक्ष्यते, Con. अदर्शिष्यत or अद्रक्ष्यत; Aor. अदर्शिषाताम् or अदृक्षाताम् ; Ben दर्शिषीष्ट or द्रक्षीष्ट; Per. Fut. दर्शिता or द्रष्टा (दर्ष्टा)?॥ The चिण् model is अदर्शि ॥
Why do we say before स्य &c? Observe चेतव्यम्, दातव्यम् ॥ Why in the Impersonal and Passive ? Observe चेष्यते and दास्यते ॥ Why in Upadesa ? The rule applies to कारिष्यते also, though कार् (after guna change) ends in a consonant, but in its original ennuciation it ends with a vowel. The atidesa rule being enunciated with regard to stems (anga), prevents the substitutions of हन् and इङ् and इण् ॥ Thus हनिष्यते, घानिष्यते, एष्यते or आयिष्यते, अध्येष्यते or अध्यायिष्यते ॥ The substitutes वध or गा 2.4.42, 2.4.43, 2.4.45, 2.4.50 do not come according to the Kasika, when these roots are treated as चिण् ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.