6.4.101

हुझल्भ्यो हेर्धिः

Operational rule vidhi

The 'हि' प्रत्यय that follows the verb root 'हु' or a झल् letter is converted to 'धि'.

Word by word (padaccheda)

Left context हु- झल्भ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacanaTarget हेः ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term धिः prathamā · ekavacana
  • Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
  • Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
  • Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.

Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.

Full reading

हु-झल्भ्यः हेः धिः

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

As a rewrite rule (sketch from case endings)
हेः → धिः / हु- झल्भ्यः

Replace heḥ with dhiḥ when it comes after hu-jhalbhyaḥ. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.

Commentary

After हु and after a consonant (with the exception of semi-vowels and nasals), धि is substituted for the Imperative affix हि when the latter does not take the augment इट् ।
Thus हु — जुहुधि; झल् consonants; भिद् - भिन्धि, छिन् - छिन्धि ॥ But क्रीणीहि, प्रीणीहि 6.4.113 not ending in consonants. Why 'हि only'? Observe जुहुताम् ॥ Why do we read the anuvritti of हलि into this sutra? When हि does not begin with a consonant, but with a vowel, i.e. when it takes the augment इट्, the rule does not apply. As रुदिहि, स्वपिहि ॥ In the case of जुहुतात्, भिन्तात्, when हि is replaced by तात् 7.1.35 this substitution does not take place because तात् is a later rule in the order of Ashtadhyayi, and because सकृद्गतौ विप्रतिषेधे यद्बाधितं तद्बाधितमेव "When two rules, while they apply simultaneously mutually prohibit each other, that rule of the two which is once superseded by the other, is superseded altogether". When अकच् is added by 5.3.71, धि substitution takes place, as भिन्द्धकि, छिन्द्धकि ॥ The maxim पुनः प्रसङ्ग विज्ञानात् सिद्धम् applies here:- "Occasionally the formation of a particular form is accounted for by the fact that a preceding rule is allowed to apply again, after it had been previously superseded by a subsequent rule."

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.

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