6.4.15
अनुनासिकस्य क्विझलोः क्ङिति
Operational rule vidhi
If an अङ्ग ends in an अनुनासिक, the उपधा letter of that अङ्ग becomes दीर्घ in presence of a क्विप्-प्रत्यय, झलादि-कित्-प्रत्यय and a झलादि-ङित्-प्रत्यय.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaRight context क्वि- saptamī · dvivacanaRight context क्ङिति saptamī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
क्वि-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The penultimate vowel of a अङ्ग (stem) ending in a nasal is lengthened before the affix क्वि and before an affix having an indicatory क् or ङ् which begins with a consonant other than a semi-vowel or a nasal.
Thus प्रशान् and प्रतान् from the roots शम् and तम् by 8.2.64. So also before an affix beginning with a झल् consonant (any consonant but a nasal and a semivowel). As शान्तः (with क्त), शान्तवान् (with क्तवतु), शान्त्वा (with क्त्वा), शान्तिः (with क्तिन्). These are all formed with कित् affixes. As to ङित् affixes we have शंशान्तः and तन्तान्तः formed by तस् 3rd Person Dual added to the Intensive roots शम् and तम् ॥ तस् is ङित् by 1.2.4. Why do we say 'ending in a Nasal'? Observe ओदनपक्, पक्वः, पक्ववान् ॥ Why do we say 'before क्वि and jhaladi affix'? Observe गम्यते, रम्यते ॥ Why do we say ङित् or a कित् affix? Observe गन्ता and रन्ता ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.