6.3.28
इद्वृद्धौ
Operational rule vidhi
The short इ is the substitute of the final of the अग्नि in such a द्वन्द समास in which both the members take the वृद्धि.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term prathamā · ekavacanaRight context saptamī · ekavacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The short इ is the substitute of the final of the अग्नि in such a द्वन्द समास in which both the members take the वृद्धि।
Thus आग्निवारुणी, which would have required long ई by the last rule: आग्निमारुतम्, which would have required आनङ् by 6.3.26. Thus आग्निवारुणीमनड्वाहीमालभेत, आग्निमारुतं कर्म क्रियेत ॥ आग्नीमरुतौ देवताऽस्य 4.2.24, takes the Taddhita affix, and by 7.3.21, both members of the compound take Vriddhi. When both members do not take Vriddhi, the rule does not apply: as आग्नेन्द्रः (आग्न इन्द्र) because इन्द्र does not take Vriddhi, by 7.3.22.
Vart:- Prohibition must be stated when the word विष्णु follows : as आग्नावैष्णवं चरुं निर्वपेत् ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.