6.1.94
एङि पररूपम्
Operational rule vidhi
When an अवर्णान्त उपसर्ग is followed by a एकारादि or ओकारादि verb form, both the letters are replaced by a single पररूप.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term पररूपम् prathamā · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
पररूपम्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
For the अ or आ of the Preposition + ए or ओ of a verbal root, the second vowel is the single substitute.
The words आत्, उपसर्गाद्धातौ are understood here. In an upasarga ending in अ or आ followed by a root beginning with ए or ओ, the vowels coalesce and the single-substitute is the form of the second vowel (पररूप) ॥ This debars Vriddhi taught in 6.1.88. Thus उपेलयति, प्रेलयति, उपोषति, प्रोषति ॥ Some read into this sutra the option allowed by 6.1.92, according to them the para-rupa substitution is optional in the case of Denominative roots. Thus उपेडकीयति or उपैडकीयति, उपोदनीयति or उपौदनीयति ॥
Vart:- The Para-rupa substitution takes place in the case of शकन्धुः &c. As शक + अन्धुः = शकन्धुः, कुल + अटा = कुलटा, सीम + अन्तः = सीमन्तः 'hair'; when not referring to 'hair', the form is सीमान्तः ॥
Vart:- The Para-rupa substitution takes place when एव follows a word, and the sense is not that of 'appointment'. Thus ह + एव = इहेव; अद्य + एव = अद्येव ॥ When the sense is that of नियोग, the Vriddhi takes place: as इहैव भव, माऽन्यत्र गाः ॥
Vart:- The Para-rupa substitution takes place optionally when ओतु and ओष्ठ are compounded with another word: as स्थूल ओतुः = स्थूलौतुः or स्थूलोतुः, so also बिम्बौष्ठी or बिम्बोष्ठी ॥ When not a compound, the Vriddhi is compulsory: as तिष्ठ देवदत्तौष्ठं पश्य 'Stay Devadatta, see the lip'.
Vart:- In the Vedas, the para-rupa substitution takes place when एमन् &c. follow. Thus अपां त्वा एमन् = अपां त्वेमन् ॥ So also अपां त्वा ओद्मन् = अपां त्वोद्मन् ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.