6.4.66
घुमास्थागापाजहातिसां हलि
Operational rule vidhi
For the final of the roots of the form of दा and घा (घु), as well as for that of the roots 1. मा 2. स्था 3. गा 4. पा 5. हा (जुहाति) and 6. सा (सो), there is substituted ई before an आर्धधातुक affix beginning with a consonant which has an indicatory क् or ङ्.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target - मा- स्था- गा- पा- जहाति- साम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacanaRight context saptamī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
- मा- स्था- गा- पा- जहाति- साम्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
For the final of the roots of the form of दा and घा (घु), as well as for that of the roots 1. मा 2. स्था 3. गा 4. पा 5. हा (जुहाति) and 6. सा (सो), there is substituted ई before an आर्धधातुक affix beginning with a consonant which has an indicatory क् or ङ्।
Thus दीयते, धीयते with यक्, देदीयते, वेघीयते with यङ् ॥ So also मीयते मेमीयते स्थीयते, तेष्ठीयते, गीयते, जेगीयते, अध्यगीष्ट, अध्यगीषाताम्, अध्यगीषत, पीयते, पेपीयते, हीयते, जेहीयते, अवसीयते, अवसेसीयते ॥
The पा 'to protect' of Adadi (47) is not meant here. become the vikarana शप् is elided in roots of that class. Its form will be पायते. It is Bhvadi पा 'to drink' that is taken here. So also हा — जिहीयते is not to be taken here. Its form is हायते ॥
Why do we say 'before a consonant'? Observe ददतुः, ददुः ॥ Here had हल् not been used in the sutra, the आ of दा would be replaced by ई by the present sutra, even before a vowel-affix अतु ० उस् ; for the lopa of आ taught in 6.4.64 is prevented by this subsequent sutra teaching ई substitution. In fact, the employment of the word हल् in the aphorism is a jnapaka that the rule of vipratishedha (1.4. 2) applies in this section of asiddha 6.4.22, and the lopa of आ is superseded by the present rule substituting ई instead. So also दाता and धाता before non-कित् and non ङित् affixes.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.