6.1.168
सावेकाचस्तृतीयादिर्विभक्तिः
Operational rule vidhi
The case affixes of the Instrumental and of the cases that follow it have the acute accent, if the stem in the Locative Plural is monosyllabic.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context सौ saptamī · ekavacanaLeft context एकाचः pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term तृतीयादिः prathamā · ekavacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
सौ एकाचः तृतीयादिः
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The case affixes of the Instrumental and of the cases that follow it have the acute accent, if the stem in the Locative Plural is monosyllabic.
The word सो (locative of सु) refers to the सु of the Locative plural. Thus वा॒चा, वा॒ग्भ्या꣡म्, वा॒ग्भिः꣡, वा॒ग्भ्यः꣡, या॒ता꣡, या॒द्भ्या꣡म्, या॒द्भिः꣡ ॥ Why do we say 'in the Locative plural'? Observe रा꣡ज्ञा, रा꣡ज्ञे ॥ Why do we say 'monosyllabic'? Observe हरि꣡णा, गिरिणा꣡, रा꣡जसु ॥ Why do we say 'the Instrumentals and the rest'? Observe वा꣡चौ, वा꣡चः ॥ Why do we say "the case-endings (विभक्तिः)?" Observe वाक्तरा, वा꣡क्तमा ॥ The plural of the Locative being taken in the sutra, the rule does not apply to त्व꣡या and त्व꣡यि, as in the plural of the Locative they have more than one syllable, though in singular locative their stem has one syllable.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.