6.4.114
इद्दरिद्रस्य
Operational rule vidhi
The आकार of the verb root 'दरिद्रा' is converted to ह्रस्व-इकार when followed by हलादि-सार्वधातुक कित्/ङित्-प्रत्यय.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term prathamā · ekavacanaTarget दरिद्रस्य ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
दरिद्रस्य
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
दरिद्रस्य →
Replace daridrasya with it. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
इ is substituted for the आ of दरिद्रा before a सार्वधातुक कित् or ङित् affix beginning with a consonant.
Karika
न दरिद्रायके लोपो दरिद्राणे च नेष्यते ।
दिदरिद्रासतीत्येके दिदरिद्रिषतीति वा ॥
Thus दरिद्रितः, दरिद्रिथः, दरिद्रिवः, दरिद्रिमः ॥ But दरिद्रति before a vowel affix 6.4.112 and दरिद्राति before a non-ङित् affix.
Vart:- The final of दरिद्रा is elided before an Ardhadhatuka affix.
Vart:- And this elision should be considered as siddha, in applying rules relating to affixes. Thus दरिद्रा by loosing आ becomes दरिद्र, and we should apply those affixes which would come after a form like 'daridr', and not what would have come after a form like 'daridra'. Thus ण comes after roots ending in long आ 3.1.141: but this affix would not be applied here, but the general affix अच् 3.1.134. Thus दरिद्राति = दरिद्रः ॥
Karika:- The elision does not take place in the forms दरिद्रायक and दरिद्राण, and the Desiderative may be either दिदरिद्रासति or दिदरिद्विषति ॥ Siddhanta Kaumudi gives the following rule: "आ of दरिद्रा should be considered as elided when applying an ardhadhatuka affix, but optionally so before लुङ् (Aorist), and not at all before सम् (Desiderative), ण्वुल् and ल्युट्" ॥
Vart:- Optionally so in the Aorist (adyatana-past) as, अदरिद्रीत् or अदरिद्रासीत् ॥ The latter form is evolved by 7.2.73 and elision of सिच् ॥ The form दरिद्रस्य in the sutra is Vedic, the root being shortened from दरिद्रा to दरिद्र ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.