6.3.10
कारनाम्नि च प्राचां हलादौ
Operational rule vidhi
The Locative -7th case affix is not elided after a stem ending in a consonant or a short अ in the name of atax of the Eastern People when the second member begins with a consonant.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context कारनाम्नि saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyayaTarget प्राचाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacanaRight context हलादौ saptamī · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
Full reading
कारनाम्नि च प्राचाम् हलादौ
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The Locative -7th case affix is not elided after a stem ending in a consonant or a short अ in the name of atax of the Eastern People when the second member begins with a consonant.
Thus सूपेशाणः, दृषदिमाषकः, हलेद्विपदिका, हलेत्रिपदिका ॥ All these are names of taxes, and would have retained the Locative ending even by the last rule. The present rule makes a niyama or restriction, which is threefold, namely (1) when it is the name of a tax, and no other word, (2) when it belongs to the Eastern people and no other people, (3) and when the second member begins with a consonant.
Why do we say when it is the name of a tax.? Observe अभ्यर्हितेपशुः = अभ्यर्हितपशुः ॥ It is the name of 'a duty or dues', but not of a 'tax'. Why do we say "of the Eastern people"? Observe यूथेपशुः = यूथपशुः ॥ Why do we say 'before a second member beginning with a consonant'? Observe अविकटे उरणः = अविकटोरणः ॥ So also नद्यां दोहनी = नदीदोहनी ॥ For accent of these words see 6.2.65.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.