6.2.87
प्रस्थेऽवृद्धमकर्क्यादीनाम्
Operational rule vidhi
The first member which has not a वृद्धि in the first syllable or which is not कर्की etc. gets the acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable before प्रस्थ.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context प्रस्थे saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term अवृद्धम् prathamā · ekavacanaTarget अ- कर्क्यादीनाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
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Full reading
प्रस्थे अवृद्धम् अ-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
अ-
Replace a-karkyādīnām with avṛddham when prasthe follows. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
The first member which has not a वृद्धि in the first syllable or which is not कर्की etc. gets the acute accent (उदात्त) on the first syllable before प्रस्थ।
Thus इ꣡न्द्रप्रस्थः, कु꣡ण्डप्रस्थः, ह्र꣡दप्रस्थः, सु꣡वर्णप्रस्थः ॥ But not in दाक्षिप्रस्थः, माहिकप्रस्थः which have Vriddhi in the first syllable; nor also in कर्कीप्रस्थः मघीप्रस्थः &c.
1 कर्की, 2 मघ्नी (मघी), 3 मकरी, 4 कर्कन्धु (कर्कन्धू), 5 शमी, 6 करीर, 7 कन्दुक (कटुक), 8 कवल (कुबल; कूरल), 9 बदरी (बदर)
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.