6.4.16

अज्झनगमां सनि

Operational rule vidhi

The lengthening of the vowel takes place in the case of a अङ्ग (stem) ending in a vowel, as well as of हन् and गम् when the Desiderative affix सन् being झलादि (i.e. not taking the augment इट्) follows.

Word by word (padaccheda)

Target - हनगमाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacanaRight context सनि saptamī · ekavacana
  • Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
  • Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").

Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.

Full reading

-हनगमाम् सनि

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

Commentary

The lengthening of the vowel takes place in the case of a अङ्ग (stem) ending in a vowel, as well as of हन् and गम् when the Desiderative affix सन् being झलादि (i.e. not taking the augment इट्) follows.
Thus of roots ending in vowel we have :- विवीषति, तुष्टूषति, चिकीर्षति, जिहीर्षति 7.1.100; of हन् and गम्, जिघांसति, and अधिजिगांसते ॥

Vart:- The rule applies to that गम् which is the substitute of इङ् 2.4.48 'to study'. Therefore, not here, संजिगंसते वत्सो मात्रा (cf. 7.2.58); In the Veda we read स्वर्गे लोकं समजिगांसत्, where though गम् means 'to go' and is not, therefore, the substitute of इङ्, the lengthening takes place by the rule 6.3.137. Or the word अच् should not be added in the sutra at all: which should be read as हनगमां सनि meaning "There is lengthening of the stem when the Desiderative सन् follows". This would apply of course, to vowel-ending stems, because the sentence would mean that, for there cannot be lengthening of a consonant. This will apply to गम् also, in this way :-" A stem ending in a vowel is lengthened in the Desiderative, and so also of गम् which is a substitute of the vowel-stem इ" ॥ In this way, we may see, that there is no necessity of the Vartika.

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.

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