6.1.59
अनुदात्तस्य चर्दुपधस्यान्यतरस्याम्
Operational rule vidhi
The augment अम् (अ) augment comes optionally after the ऋ of those roots which are exhibited in the धातुपाठ as अनुदात्त , when such roots end in a consonant having a ऋ has penultimate and are followed by an affix beginning with a mute or sibilant and not having an indicatory क.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyayaTarget ऋत्- उपधस्य ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaRight context अन्यतरस्याम् saptamī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
च ऋत्-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The augment अम् (अ) augment comes optionally after the ऋ of those roots which are exhibited in the धातुपाठ as अनुदात्त , when such roots end in a consonant having a ऋ has penultimate and are followed by an affix beginning with a mute or sibilant and not having an indicatory क।
The word उपदेश is understood here, so also झल्यमकिति ॥ Thus त्रप्ता or तर्पिता or तर्प्ता or द्रप्ता, दर्पिता or दर्प्ता ॥ The roots तृप 'to satisfy', and दृप् 'to be happy to release', belong to Divadi class, sub-class Radhadi, and they take the augment इट् optionally 7.2.45, so we have the three forms given above : for these roots are also anudatta in their first enunciation.
Why do we say "which are anudatta in the Upadesa or the system of grammatical instruction"? Observe वर्ढा, वर्ढुम्, वर्ढव्यम्, from वृहू उद्यमने which is exhibited as उदात्त, and because it has an indicatory ऊ it takes इट् optionally. Why do we say 'having a penultimate ॠ letter'? Observe भेत्ता, छेत्ता ॥ Why do we say 'before an affix beginning with a mute or a sibilant'? Observe तर्पणम्, दर्पणम् ॥ Why do we say 'not having an indicatory क'? Observe तृप्तः, दृप्तः ॥ Before affixes not beginning with a झल् consonant this augment will not be inserted, as तर्पणम्, दर्पणम् ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.