8.3.39
इणः षः
Operational rule vidhi
A पदान्त विसर्ग which comes after a letter from the इण् प्रत्याहार, and which is followed by प्रत्ययाः - पाश्य, कल्प, क, काम्य - is converted to a षकार.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term षः prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
षः
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
ष् is the substitute of a विसर्ग when is preceded by इ or उ and is followed by an affix beginning with a hard guttural or a labial.
The word अपदादौ is understood here also. The affixes meant are the same पाश, कल्प, क, and काम्य ॥ Thus सर्पिष्पाशम्, यजुष्पाशम्, सर्पिष्कल्पम्, यजुष्कल्पम्, सर्पिष्कम्, यजुष्कम्; सर्पिष्काम्यति, यजुष्काम्यति ॥
Why do we say 'by an affix'? Observe अग्निः करोति, वायुः करोति, अग्निः पचति, वायुः पचति ॥
The affix should begin with a guttural or a labial. Therefore not here, सर्पिस्ते, यजुस्ते ॥
In the succeeding sutras, the anuvritti of स from 8.3.39 and of इणः षः from this, are both current. The visarga will be changed to ष if preceded by इ or उ, otherwise it will be स ॥
According to some, this sutra ordains ष् in the room of the स् taught in the preceding sutra, and not of visarga : and so also in the following sutras.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.