8.3.37
कुप्वोः ≍क≍पौ च
Operational rule vidhi
When a विसर्ग is followed by a ककार or a खकार, it is converted either to a जिह्वामूलीय or to a विसर्ग. When a विसर्ग is followed by a पकार or a फकार, it is converted either to a उपध्मानीय or to a विसर्ग.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context कुप्वोः saptamī · dvivacanaSubstitute / term ≍क≍पौ prathamā · dvivacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
कुप्वोः ≍क≍पौ च
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
Xक and Xप are optionally substituted for the विसर्ग when followed by a hard Guttural or a hard labial.
Thus वृक्षᳵकरोति or वृक्षः करोति, वृक्षᳵखनति or वृक्षः खनति, वृक्षᳶपचति or वृक्षः पचति, वृक्षᳶफलति or वृक्षः फलति ॥ The क and प in ᳵक and ᳶप are for the sake of pronunciation only. The substitutes are the Jihvamuliya and the Upadhmaniya : two lost sibilants belonging to the class of क and प respectively.
When the rule 8.3.34. does not apply, then this sutra will apply; and will debar that. But 8.3.35. will not be debarred. As वासः क्षौमम्, अद्भिः त्सातम् ॥ There is no vipratishedha between 8.3.35. and 8.3.37, because of the asiddhahood of one with regard to the other. (VIII.2. I). In fact, every rule in these three chapters stands by itself, and ignores the existence of the subsequent rule. Hence 8.3.35 would not have been debarred by 8.3.37.
To get this, some divide this sutra into two :- (1) कुप्वोः "The visarga is the substitute of visarga before a guttural or labial which is followed by a sibilant." (2) ᳵक ᳶपौच The jihvamuliya and upadhmaniya are substitutes of a visarga before a guttural and a labial in every other case."
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.