3.4.18
अलङ्खल्वोः प्रतिषेधयोः प्राचां क्त्वा
Operational rule vidhi
According to the opinion of the Eastern Grammarians, the affix क्त्वा comes after the verb, when there are in combination with it, the words अलम् and खलु expressing the sense of prohibition.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context अलम्- खल्वोः saptamī · dvivacanaRight context प्रतिषेधयोः saptamī · dvivacanaTarget प्राचाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term त्वा prathamā · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
अलम्-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
प्राचाम् → क्त्वा / अलम्-
Replace prācām with ktvā when alam-khalvoḥ pratiṣedhayoḥ follows. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
According to the opinion of the Eastern Grammarians, the affix क्त्वा comes after the verb, when there are in combination with it, the words अलम् and खलु expressing the sense of prohibition.
The anuvritti of the words 'in the Vedas &c' does not extend further. Thus अलं कृत्वा 'do not make'; खलु पीत्वा 'do not drink'; अलं काले रुदित्या 'do not weep, O girl !
Why do we say 'when there are अलं and खलु'? Witness माकार्षीः 'do not make'. Why do we say 'when expressing prohibition'? Observe अलङ्कारः 'decoration'.
The phrase 'in the opinion of the Eastern Grammarians' shows that it is an optional rule. Therefore we have अलंरोदनेन 'do not weep'. Or if rule 3.1.94 be applied, then the use of the word प्राचां is for the sake of merely showing respect (pujartha); the rule could have stood without it.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.