3.4.23
न यद्यनाकाङ्क्षे
Operational rule vidhi
The affixes णमुल् and क्त्वा are not added to a root when the word यद् is used in a simple sentence which does not depend upon another to complete the sense.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Indeclinable न avyayaRight context यदि saptamī · ekavacanaRight context अनाकाङ्क्षे saptamī · ekavacana
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
न यदि अनाकाङ्क्षे
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affixes णमुल् and क्त्वा are not added to a root when the word यद् is used in a simple sentence which does not depend upon another to complete the sense.
The word आकाङ्क्षा means 'inter-dependence' or the inability of a word, phrase or sentence, to indicate the intended sense in the absence of another word, phrase, or sentence. In other words, when there are two actions one prior and another subsequent, and they complete the sense of the sentence, without standing in need of any other verb; in such a case, ktva and namul are not used, when the word yad is in composition. This sutra prohibits the affix ktva also, though the affix namul is in immediate context. Thus यदयं भुङ्क्ते ततः पचति, यदयमधीते ततः शेते, 'having eaten, he cooks ; having read, he sleeps'.
But when there is inter-dependence or आकाङ्क्षा, we have यदयं भुक्त्वा व्रजति, अधीत एव ततः परम् । Professor Bohtlingk translates it thus : "In connection with यद् the above-mentioned Absolutives will not be applied, unless the two verbs required one more as complement."
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.