3.4.19
उदीचां माङो व्यतीहारे
Operational rule vidhi
According to the opinion of the Eastern Grammarians, the affix क्त्वा is added to the root मेन् 'to exchange' when the sense is that of interchange, (though the action denoted by the former word is not prior to the action denoted by the latter word).
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target उदीचाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacanaLeft context माङः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context व्यतीहारे saptamī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
उदीचाम् माङः व्यतीहारे
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
According to the opinion of the Eastern Grammarians, the affix क्त्वा is added to the root मेन् 'to exchange' when the sense is that of interchange, (though the action denoted by the former word is not prior to the action denoted by the latter word).
Thus अपमित्य याचते 'having offered an exchange, he asks' अप + मे + क्त्वा = अप + मा + ल्यप् = अप + मि + तुक् + य 6.1.45 and 6.1.71 = अप + मित्य 7.4.40. This is an optional rule, as the phrase 'according to the northern' indicates. So we have in the alternative, याचित्वाऽपयमते 'having asked he exchanges'; and this is the more general use of ktva; namely, it comes after that verb which is concerned about a time anterior to that of the other; see rule 21. The present sutra is an exception to 3.4.21.
The root मेङ् has been exhibited in the sutra as माङ्, with the vowel आ instead of ए. This indicates the existence of the following Paribhasha:--
"A root, which, when destitute of anubandhas, ends in either ए, ओ or ऐ, must not be considered to have ceased to end in either ए, ओ, or ऐ, when an anubandha has been attached to it." By this Paribhasha दैप् must be regarded as ending in ऐ, and as therefore आ may be substituted for the vowel ऐ 6.1.45, even while प् remains, दैप् does assume the form दाप् and is consequently; by the prohibition अदाप् in sutra 1.1.20, forbidden to be termed घु ।
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.