सत्सूद्विषद्रुहदुहयुजविदभिदच्छिदजिनीराजामुपसर्गेऽपि क्विप्
The affix क्विप्comes after the following verbs when in composition with a word ending in a case-affix, though it may be an उपसर्ग viz. 1. सत् 'to sit' 2. सू 'to bring forth' 3. द्विष् 'to hate' 4. द्रुह् 'to bear malice' 5. दुह् 'to milk' 6. युज् 'to join' , 'to concentrate the mind' 7. विद् 'to know', 'to consider' 8. भिद् 'to divide' 9. च्छिद् 'to cut' 10. जि 'to conquer' 11. नी 'to lead 12. राज् 'to shine'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Replace sat-sū-dviṣa-druha-duha-yuja-vida-bhida-cchida-ji-nī-rājām with kvip when upasarge follows. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
The affix क्विप्comes after the following verbs when in composition with a word ending in a case-affix, though it may be an उपसर्ग viz. 1. सत् 'to sit' 2. सू 'to bring forth' 3. द्विष् 'to hate' 4. द्रुह् 'to bear malice' 5. दुह् 'to milk' 6. युज् 'to join' , 'to concentrate the mind' 7. विद् 'to know', 'to consider' 8. भिद् 'to divide' 9. च्छिद् 'to cut' 10. जि 'to conquer' 11. नी 'to lead 12. राज् 'to shine'.
The phrase 'the word ending with a case-affix' is understood in this sutra. The anuvritti of कर्म is not to be taken in this sutra for the same reasons as in sutra 58 ante. The upasargas are also words ending in a case-affix i. e. they are also subanta words. Their special mention in this section, indicates by implication (jnapaka) that wherever in the previous sutras, the word subanta (a case-inflected word) is used, it does not include an upasarga 2.1.10.
The root सू being read in conjunction with द्विष् shows that अदादि class verb is meant here, and not तुदादि class. The verb युज् includes, both युजिर् 'to join' and युज् 'to concentrate one's mind'. The verb विद् includes the three verbs having the sense of 'to know', 'to become' and 'to consider', but does not include the verb विद् 'to gain', because that root has an indicatory लृ (विद्लृ) while all these verbs have indicatory अ.
Thus, सत्-शुचिषत् 'dwelling in purity'; अन्तरिक्षसत् 'dwelling in the skies', 'epithets of Brahma' (Kath. (5.2)); उपसत् 'serving'. सू - अण्डसूः 'oviparous'; शतसूः 'bringing forth hundred'; प्रसूः 'parent'. द्विष् — मित्रद्विट् 'treacherous'; प्रद्विट् 'hostile'. द्रुह् — मित्रध्रुक् 'treacherous'; प्रध्रुक् 'hostile' 8.2.37. दुह् - गोधुक् 'cow milker'; प्रध्रुक् 'milker' 8.2.32 and (37). युज् - अश्वयुक् 'carriage'; प्रयुक् 'impulse'. विद् — वेदवित् 'knower of Veda'; प्रवित् 'knower'; ब्रह्मवित् 'knower of Brahma'. भिद् - काष्टभित् 'wood-cutter'; प्रभित् 'cutter'. छिद् - रज्जुच्छिद् 'rope-cutter'; प्रच्छिद् 'a cutter'. जि - शत्रुजित् 'enemy-conqueror'; प्रजित् 'conqueror'. नी - सेनानीः 'leader of an army'; प्रणीः 'a leader'; ग्रामणीः 'head-borough'; अग्रणीः 'first'. (Why is there cerebral ण in these words ? Because the word ग्रामणी has a cerebral ण in sutra 5.2.78 and that indicates that these words will have ण, as also by sutra 8.4.3). राज् - विराट् 'splendour'; सम्राट् 'emperor' (the letter म is added by sutra 8.3.25).
This sutra is a continuation and expansion of sutras 75 and 76 sup.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.