3.2.60
त्यदादिषु दृशोऽनालोचने कञ् च
Operational rule vidhi
And the affix कञ् comes after the verb दृश् 'to see' when it is in composition with त्यद् etc. and does not signify perception.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context त्यदादिषु saptamī · bahuvacanaLeft context दृशः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context अनालोचने saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term कञ् prathamā · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
त्यदादिषु दृशः अनालोचने कञ् च
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
And the affix कञ् comes after the verb दृश् 'to see' when it is in composition with त्यद् etc. and does not signify perception.
The force of 'and' is that the क्विन् also comes under similar circumstances. त्यद् &c. are pronouns, for a list of which see 1.1.27. Thus त्यादृश् nom. sing. त्यादृक्, 'such-like' when it is formed by क्विन्; and त्यादृशः 'such-like' when the affix is कञ्. So also तद् + दृश् + क्विन् = तादृश् 6.3.91 nom. sing. तादृक् 6.1.68, (VIII.2.36 and 62), 8.4.56; and तादृशः when कञ् is the affix. So यादृक् or यादृशः 'what-like'.
What is the force of the letter ञ् of कञ्? It is for the sake of accent; the udatta is on the first syllable of those words which are formed by an affix having an indicatory ञ् or न् 6.1.117. But the indicatory न् would have given the same accent, there being no difference between कञ् and कन् in this respect. The indicatory ञ् then serves only the purpose of distinguishing the affix कञ् from कन् in sutra 4.1.15 in which कञ् is taken and not कन्. Had we not formed this separate affix, then for कञ्करप् of that sutra, we should have read कन् क्वरप् so that the feminine of words formed by कन् would have also taken long ई, so that the feminine of यावकः (याव + कन्) 5.4.29 would have been यावकी instead of यावका.
Why do we say 'when not signifying perception'? See तं पश्यति = तद्दर्शः 'who sees that'. The words त्यादृक्, तादृश् &c. are crude nouns, in which the etymological sense of the root not being visible, the act of seeing can never be denoted by these words.
Vart:- This rule applies also when the words समान and अन्य are in composition with दृश्. As सदृक् or सदृशः 'like' (समान + दृश् + क्विन् = स + दृश्) 6.3.89; so also अन्यादृशः or अन्यादृक् 'of another kind'.
Vart:- The affix क्स comes also after the root दृश्. As तादृक्षः, यादृक्षः, अन्यादृक्षः and कीदृक्षः । तद् + दृश् + क्स = ता + दृश् + क्स 6.3.91 = तादृष् + स 8.2.36 = तादृक् + स 8.2.41 = तादृक् + ष 8.3.59 = तादृक्षः ।
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.